Indlela yokukhiqiza nokuthuthukiswa kwemibungu
Oshaka bangazala ngezindlela ezimbili ezahlukene: i-viviparity y i-oviparity. I-Viviparity yilapho i-embryo ikhula ngaphakathi kwesibeletho sikamama futhi izalwa iphila, kanti i-oviparity yilapho oshaka bebekela amaqanda abuye achanyuselwe kamuva. Zombili izindlela zinezinzuzo kanye nokubi mayelana nokuvikelwa kokuchanyuselwa kanye nokudla.
I-Viviparity iveza ukuvikeleka okukhulu kwemibungu njengoba ikhula ngaphakathi komama. Ukondla umbungu kungenzeka ngezindlela ezintathu: i-lecithotrophy (i-embryo idla esikhwameni se-yolk), i-histotrophy (umama uhlinzeka ngemisoco) kanye i-ophagia (umbungu udla eminye imibungu). I-Oviparity, ngakolunye uhlangothi, ayivikeli kancane njengoba iqanda libekwe phansi olwandle futhi lingadliwa ezinye izilwane ngaphambi kokuba lichanyuselwe.
Oshaka be-Oviparous kanye nenqubo yabo yokuzalwa
Oshaka abangama-oviparous babekela amaqanda agcinwa kuma-capsules esikhumba aziwa ngokuthi "izikhwama ze-mermaid". Lawa ma-capsules anochungechunge lwemicu ekugcineni esiza ukuba abambelele ezintweni ezingaphansi kwamanzi, njengamadwala nolwelwe, ukuze avimbele ukuthi angakhukhulwa yimisinga.
- Uma i-capsule isiboshelwe kahle, umbungu uqala ukukhula ngaphakathi bese udla isaka le-yolk elikhona ku-capsule. Le nqubo ingathatha izinyanga ezimbalwa, kuye ngezinhlobo zoshaka.
Once the ushaka omncane, okuthiwa "i-pup", isikhule ngokugcwele futhi isilungele ukuthatha umhlaba, iphula i-capsule ngamazinyo futhi ingena emanzini olwandle.
Oshaka be-Viviparous kanye nenqubo yabo yokuzalwa
Njengoba sishilo ekuqaleni, oshaka abangama-viviparous bazala bancane ngemva kokukhula esibelethweni sikanina.
- Kulezi zimo, umbungu wondliwe i-placenta efana neyezilwane ezincelisayo enikeza umbungu umoya-mpilo nezakhi.
Lapho imidlwane isikhule ngokugcwele, ushaka ongumama uyazala. Le nqubo yaziwa ngokuthi ukuzalwa kwengane futhi ingahluka isikhathi ngasinye, kuye ngohlobo loshaka nezimo zemvelo ngaleso sikhathi.
Ukuziphatha komama nokusinda komdlwane
Oshaka ngokuvamile ababonisi ukuziphatha kwabazali okusebenzayo ngemva kokuzalwa. Uma sezibelethile noma zizalela amaqanda, oshaka omama ngokuvamile abanikezeli isivikelo esengeziwe noma ukunakekela amaphuphu abo. Lokhu kusho ukuthi imidlwane kashaka kufanele izinakekele kusukela ngesikhathi izalwa. Oshaka abasebancane sebevele bezalwe benezinzwa zabo zokuzingela nokuphila.
Izinga lokusinda kwe-pup liyahlukahluka phakathi kwezinhlobo ezahlukene zoshaka. Isibonelo, ezinye izinhlobo zoshaka be-viviparous zingase zibe nenani eliphakeme lokusinda kunama-oviparous, ngoba zizalwa zikhule ngokugcwele futhi zikhudlwana ngosayizi, okuzivumela ukuba zigweme izilwane ezidla ezinye ngokuphumelelayo.
Ukubaluleka kokuzalwa kanye nokulondolozwa koshaka
Ukuzalwa koshaka kuyisenzakalo esimangalisayo nesibalulekile ukugcina ibhalansi yemvelo yezilwandle zethu. Lezi zilwane zidlala indima ebaluleke kakhulu ochungechungeni lokudla, zisiza ukugcina izilwane ezizingelayo ezilawulwayo futhi zikhuthaze ukuhlukahluka kwezinhlobo zasolwandle.
Nokho, ukwanda kwengcindezi yokudoba kanye nokucekelwa phansi kwendawo kubeka engcupheni izinhlobo eziningi zoshaka. Ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusinda kwalezi zilwane ezithakazelisayo, kubalulekile ukusekela imizamo yokongiwa kwemvelo, ukufundisa umphakathi ngalezi zilwane ezibalulekile ezidla izilwane zasolwandle, futhi kulwelwe ukulondolozwa kwemvelo yazo yemvelo.