Esinye sezinambuzane ezivame kakhulu emvelweni izintuthwane. Lezi zinokubukeka okuyisici kakhulu, kanye nokuziphatha okunqunywe kusengaphambili ezimpilweni zabo. Kodwa uma ujula kulezi zilwane, uzothola izwe elithakazelisa kakhulu.
Ngakho-ke, kulesi sigaba, uzothola zonke izici zezintuthwane, ukuziphatha kwazo, lapho behlala khona, yiziphi izinhlobo zezintuthwane ezikhona, ukudla kwazo kanye nokuzala kwazo.
Izintuthwane, igama lesayensi ama-formicidsZiwuhlobo lwesinambuzane esihlobene eduze nezinyosi nomuhlwa. Babonakala ngokuba nobudlelwano bokusebenzisana phakathi kwabo kanye nokusebenza kanzima. Kuyaziwa ukuthi izintuthwane zingesinye sezilwane ezindala kunazo zonke ezisinda eMhlabeni; empeleni, kukhona amarekhodi abo kusukela esikhathini Cretaceous, okungukuthi, kusukela eminyakeni engaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-90 edlule.
Namuhla, kulinganiselwa ukuthi kunezinhlobo zezintuthwane ezingaba ngu-10.000 XNUMX ezaziwayo.
Lesi sinambuzane sine- usayizi ojwayelekile phakathi kwamamilimitha angu-2 no-2,5. Zinomzimba lapho ungakwazi ukuhlukanisa kahle ikhanda (lapho linezimpondo), ithorax nesisu (okuthiwa i-mesosoma); kanye nesisu sokugcina (i-metasoma noma i-gaster). Lo mzimba awunawo uhlaka lwamathambo, kodwa yisikhumba ngokwaso esenza ube i-exoskeleton, sakhe i-casing. Futhi awanawo amaphaphu, ngakho asebenzisa amavalvu angemuva lapho kugcinwa khona umoya-mpilo ukuze akwazi ukuphefumula. Inemilenze eyisithupha ephuma esifubeni futhi egcina ngozipho oluncane noma ihuku.
Ukuphakama kwezintuthwane kuyahlukahluka, njengoba ungathola amathoni amnyama, ansundu, abomvu, noma anombala womhlaba.
Ukuziphatha kwezintuthwane kusekelwe ohlelweni lapho ngayinye yazi ukuthi yimuphi umsebenzi okufanele iwenze futhi iwufeze kusukela isikhulile ize ishone. Ziyizilwane lokho zibuswa amahora okukhanya kwelanga, ngendlela yokuthi bavuke ekuseni kakhulu bazifihle lapho ilanga lingasaniki ukukhanya okwanele. Phakathi naleso sikhathi, bonke benza imisebenzi yabo, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi bafuna ukudla, ukunakekela amaphuphu, ukuvikela izintuthwane, noma ukuchanyuselwa izintuthwane ezengeziwe.
Izintuthwane zingenye yezilwane ezitholakala emhlabeni wonke ngoba Zingatholakala cishe kuwo wonke amazwekazi emhlabeni. Kuphela e-Antarctica naseziqhingini zaseGreenland, e-Iceland nasePolynesia lapho abanalo lolu hlobo lwezinambuzane.
Izintuthwane zihlala ezindaweni ezicashile nezimnyama, okungcono kakhulu emasimini, emahlathini, ezindaweni zasemaphandleni, ezingwadule, emapaki... Zifuna indawo lapho zingathola khona ukudla kalula futhi, ngesikhathi esifanayo, zivikelwe. Ukuze benze lokhu, abakwenzayo ukwakha i-anthill eyenziwe ngezintuba zokungena, izindunduma kanye nemigudu emhlabeni ngokwawo.
Ngokuya ngenhlangano yezintuthwane, zingaba “nemisebenzi” ehlukene. Ngakho-ke, uzothola izinhlobo eziningana zezintuthwane ezifana nalezi:
Nokho, ngokwezinhlobo zezintuthwane, kunezingaphezu kuka-13.000 XNUMX zazo. Ezinye zazo yilezi: ukuthena izintuthwane, i-Argentina, ebomvu, uFaro, izinkuni, insimu, iphunga lasekhaya, ivelvet...
Cishe zonke Izintuthwane ziyi-omnivorous okungukuthi, badla yonke inhlobo yokudla. Nokho, ukudla kwabo okuvamile kuhlanganisa izinambuzane, imbewu, isikhunta nompe wezimbali. Bangadla nokudla kwabantu noma ngisho nokudla kwezilwane ezifuywayo.
Okungaziwa abaningi ukuthi izintuthwane nazo ziyawaphuza amanzi. Eqinisweni, bayakudinga ukuze bakwazi ukumanzisa ukudla futhi bakudle kalula.
Ngokuqondene nokudla kwazo, ngaphandle kokulwa nezinye izilwane (lapho zilwa ngamaqembu ukuze zikwazi ukunqoba inyamazane yazo), izikhathi eziningi zikwenza ngokuphuma ukuyofuna imithombo yokudla, ukuthwala ukudla. kuze kube yizintuthwane, futhi igcinwe endaweni ethile. Bachitha lonke ihlobo benza lo msebenzi ukuze babe nokudla okwanele ukuze baphile ebusika, lapho bengayishiyi ikoloni yabo.
Okuwukuphela kwezintuthwane ezingazalana yindlovukazi. Iyona ekhwelana neziduna ekoloni, futhi iyodwa ezalela amaqanda. Laba bazobe sebenqume ukuthi bazoba yizindlovukazi, abesilisa, abasebenzi noma amasosha.
El ukukhwelana kokuqala kwenzeka ngemva "kwendiza yomshado", lapho insikazi, indiza, idonsa khona amaduna. Ngemva kwesenzo, abesilisa bayafa bese insikazi ibheka indawo yokubekela amaqanda bese yenza ikoloni. Ukuze ondle zonke izibungu, udabula amaphiko akhe, umthombo wamaprotheni. Ngokuqondene namaqanda, amanye ayovundiswa, futhi kuzalwe abesifazane; kodwa abanye bazakuba ngabesilisa. Intuthwane eyindlovukazi ikwazi ukubekela amaqanda angu-1200 0,5 ngosuku, amhlophe ngombala kanye nobukhulu obungamamilimitha angu-XNUMX.
Uma sezichanyuselwe, izibungu zibekwa emaqenjini ahlukene njengoba zinjalo Ahlukaniswa ngokweminyaka yawo nobukhulu. Yizintuthwane eziyizisebenzi ezizinakekelayo zize zidlule esigabeni se-pupal futhi, ukusuka lapho, ziye etsheni lentuthwane endala.
Ukuhlasela kwezintuthwane endizayo e-Buenos Aires Metropolitan Area: kungani kwenzeka, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi kuyingozi, futhi yimaphi amakhambi asekhaya asiza ukunciphisa ubukhona bazo ezindlini nasezakhiwo.
Indlovukazi engenelayo isebenzisa amakha ukuze iyengele izinyosi eziyisisebenzi ukuba zibulale unina futhi zithathe isidleke. Lena yindlela i-Lasius orientalis ne-L. umbratus esebenza ngayo.
Kutholwe intuthwane yaseSingapore ePalma. Umthelela, ubungozi kanye nendlela yokwenza ukumisa ukusabalala kwayo eziqhingini zaseBalearic.
Indlela ubisi oluvutshelwa ngayo izintuthwane eziphilayo: Isiko laseBalkan, imiphumela yocwaningo, izingozi, nokugxumela ekudleni okunezintuthwane.
I-Messor ibericus ikhiqiza amadoda angama-clonal we-Messor structor ngokusebenzisa i-xenoparity. Imvelo ichaza lokhu futhi iphakamise imithelela yako yokuziphendukela kwemvelo neyomphakathi.
Uhlobo lwaseJapane luheha izimpukane ngokulingisa iphunga lezintuthwane ezilimele. Icala lokuqala elibhaliwe kanye nemininingwane emisha mayelana nokulingisa izimbali.
I-CEAB-CSIC yembula ubuchopho obuwuketshezi ezintuthwaneni: abahloli bamazwe namafoshi balungisa izindima. Indlela, imodeli ye-neural, kanye nokusetshenziswa kumarobhothi.
Kutholwe izintuthwane zomlilo e-Elche, ezibeka engcupheni izakhamuzi kanye nemvelo. Funda ngomthelela wazo nokuthi ungazikhomba kanjani.
Izixazululo ezisebenzayo nezingokwemvelo zokuqeda izintuthwane ekhaya nasengadini yakho kuleli hlobo. Thola ukuthi yimaphi amaphutha okufanele uwagweme nokuthi ungawasebenzisa kanjani amaqhinga angcono kakhulu.
Izintuthwane zikuthutha kanjani ukudla ngamaqembu phezu kwezithiyo? Zitholele ukuhlangana kwabo okumangazayo kanye namandla abo kumarobhothi.
Abacwaningi bathole izinhlobo ezimbili zezintuthwane ezazingaziwa ngaphambili e-Andalusia besebenzisa amasu athuthukile. Thola ukuthi bahlonzwe kanjani futhi kuphi.
Funda ukuthi izintuthwane ezihlaselayo zisabalala kanjani emhlabeni wonke, ubungozi bazo ezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo nempilo, nokuthi yiziphi izinyathelo ezithathwayo.