AmaHormigas

Izici zezintuthwane

Esinye sezinambuzane ezivame kakhulu emvelweni izintuthwane. Lezi zinokubukeka okuyisici kakhulu, kanye nokuziphatha okunqunywe kusengaphambili ezimpilweni zabo. Kodwa uma ujula kulezi zilwane, uzothola izwe elithakazelisa kakhulu.

Ngakho-ke, kulesi sigaba, uzothola zonke izici zezintuthwane, ukuziphatha kwazo, lapho behlala khona, yiziphi izinhlobo zezintuthwane ezikhona, ukudla kwazo kanye nokuzala kwazo.

Izici zezintuthwane

Izintuthwane, igama lesayensi ama-formicidsZiwuhlobo lwesinambuzane esihlobene eduze nezinyosi nomuhlwa. Babonakala ngokuba nobudlelwano bokusebenzisana phakathi kwabo kanye nokusebenza kanzima. Kuyaziwa ukuthi izintuthwane zingesinye sezilwane ezindala kunazo zonke ezisinda eMhlabeni; empeleni, kukhona amarekhodi abo kusukela esikhathini Cretaceous, okungukuthi, kusukela eminyakeni engaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-90 edlule.

Namuhla, kulinganiselwa ukuthi kunezinhlobo zezintuthwane ezingaba ngu-10.000 XNUMX ezaziwayo.

Lesi sinambuzane sine- usayizi ojwayelekile phakathi kwamamilimitha angu-2 no-2,5. Zinomzimba lapho ungakwazi ukuhlukanisa kahle ikhanda (lapho linezimpondo), ithorax nesisu (okuthiwa i-mesosoma); kanye nesisu sokugcina (i-metasoma noma i-gaster). Lo mzimba awunawo uhlaka lwamathambo, kodwa yisikhumba ngokwaso esenza ube i-exoskeleton, sakhe i-casing. Futhi awanawo amaphaphu, ngakho asebenzisa amavalvu angemuva lapho kugcinwa khona umoya-mpilo ukuze akwazi ukuphefumula. Inemilenze eyisithupha ephuma esifubeni futhi egcina ngozipho oluncane noma ihuku.

Ukuphakama kwezintuthwane kuyahlukahluka, njengoba ungathola amathoni amnyama, ansundu, abomvu, noma anombala womhlaba.

Ukuziphatha kwezintuthwane

Ukuziphatha kwezintuthwane kusekelwe ohlelweni lapho ngayinye yazi ukuthi yimuphi umsebenzi okufanele iwenze futhi iwufeze kusukela isikhulile ize ishone. Ziyizilwane lokho zibuswa amahora okukhanya kwelanga, ngendlela yokuthi bavuke ekuseni kakhulu bazifihle lapho ilanga lingasaniki ukukhanya okwanele. Phakathi naleso sikhathi, bonke benza imisebenzi yabo, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi bafuna ukudla, ukunakekela amaphuphu, ukuvikela izintuthwane, noma ukuchanyuselwa izintuthwane ezengeziwe.

Habitat

Izintuthwane zingenye yezilwane ezitholakala emhlabeni wonke ngoba Zingatholakala cishe kuwo wonke amazwekazi emhlabeni. Kuphela e-Antarctica naseziqhingini zaseGreenland, e-Iceland nasePolynesia lapho abanalo lolu hlobo lwezinambuzane.

Izintuthwane zihlala ezindaweni ezicashile nezimnyama, okungcono kakhulu emasimini, emahlathini, ezindaweni zasemaphandleni, ezingwadule, emapaki... Zifuna indawo lapho zingathola khona ukudla kalula futhi, ngesikhathi esifanayo, zivikelwe. Ukuze benze lokhu, abakwenzayo ukwakha i-anthill eyenziwe ngezintuba zokungena, izindunduma kanye nemigudu emhlabeni ngokwawo.

izinhlobo zezintuthwane

Ngokuya ngenhlangano yezintuthwane, zingaba “nemisebenzi” ehlukene. Ngakho-ke, uzothola izinhlobo eziningana zezintuthwane ezifana nalezi:

intuthwane yesisebenzi. Yiyona evame kakhulu kuzo zonke. Lezi zinsikazi ezincane, eziyinyumba, ezenza wonke umsebenzi ekoloni. Phakathi kwemisebenzi yabo ukunakekela imidlwane nendlovukazi, ukufuna ukudla, ukunweba isiduli...
Isosha. Lokhu kubonakala ngokuba nekhanda elikhulu kunokuvamile, kanye nosayizi omkhulu. Iphethe ukuvikela isihlwathi kwezinye izilwane ezidla ezinye futhi ngezinye izikhathi ingahlasela, ilume, noma isize izisebenzi zithwale izinto noma zizisike. Konke ngoba anemihlathi emikhulu neqinile.
Intuthwane enamaphiko. Ukholwa noma ungakholwa, empeleni lena inkosazana, noma indlovukazi, eyintombi nto futhi eyinyumba. Lokhu kuvame ukubonakala ekupheleni kwehlobo ukuthola umuntu ozoshada naye. Uma sezifikile, ziya phansi ukuze zicashe futhi zibeke izidleke zazo. Eqinisweni, amaphiko adliwa wodwa ngoba angamaprotheni okondla ngawo umndeni wawo.
Owesilisa. Intuthwane yesilisa ibizwa nangokuthi i-drones futhi ifana nomnyovu. Empeleni, iyandiza futhi iyazala, kodwa lapho ikhwelana, iyafa.
Intuthwane yeNdlovukazi. Uyena owasungula ikoloni. Ingaphila phakathi kweminyaka engu-1 no-30 futhi ukuvundiswa okukodwa kungabangela izinkulungwane zamaqanda ukuthi zifakwe nsuku zonke.

Nokho, ngokwezinhlobo zezintuthwane, kunezingaphezu kuka-13.000 XNUMX zazo. Ezinye zazo yilezi: ukuthena izintuthwane, i-Argentina, ebomvu, uFaro, izinkuni, insimu, iphunga lasekhaya, ivelvet...

Ukuphakela izintuthwane

Cishe zonke Izintuthwane ziyi-omnivorous okungukuthi, badla yonke inhlobo yokudla. Nokho, ukudla kwabo okuvamile kuhlanganisa izinambuzane, imbewu, isikhunta nompe wezimbali. Bangadla nokudla kwabantu noma ngisho nokudla kwezilwane ezifuywayo.

Okungaziwa abaningi ukuthi izintuthwane nazo ziyawaphuza amanzi. Eqinisweni, bayakudinga ukuze bakwazi ukumanzisa ukudla futhi bakudle kalula.

Ngokuqondene nokudla kwazo, ngaphandle kokulwa nezinye izilwane (lapho zilwa ngamaqembu ukuze zikwazi ukunqoba inyamazane yazo), izikhathi eziningi zikwenza ngokuphuma ukuyofuna imithombo yokudla, ukuthwala ukudla. kuze kube yizintuthwane, futhi igcinwe endaweni ethile. Bachitha lonke ihlobo benza lo msebenzi ukuze babe nokudla okwanele ukuze baphile ebusika, lapho bengayishiyi ikoloni yabo.

Ukuzalana kwezintuthwane

Okuwukuphela kwezintuthwane ezingazalana yindlovukazi. Iyona ekhwelana neziduna ekoloni, futhi iyodwa ezalela amaqanda. Laba bazobe sebenqume ukuthi bazoba yizindlovukazi, abesilisa, abasebenzi noma amasosha.

El ukukhwelana kokuqala kwenzeka ngemva "kwendiza yomshado", lapho insikazi, indiza, idonsa khona amaduna. Ngemva kwesenzo, abesilisa bayafa bese insikazi ibheka indawo yokubekela amaqanda bese yenza ikoloni. Ukuze ondle zonke izibungu, udabula amaphiko akhe, umthombo wamaprotheni. Ngokuqondene namaqanda, amanye ayovundiswa, futhi kuzalwe abesifazane; kodwa abanye bazakuba ngabesilisa. Intuthwane eyindlovukazi ikwazi ukubekela amaqanda angu-1200 0,5 ngosuku, amhlophe ngombala kanye nobukhulu obungamamilimitha angu-XNUMX.

Uma sezichanyuselwe, izibungu zibekwa emaqenjini ahlukene njengoba zinjalo Ahlukaniswa ngokweminyaka yawo nobukhulu. Yizintuthwane eziyizisebenzi ezizinakekelayo zize zidlule esigabeni se-pupal futhi, ukusuka lapho, ziye etsheni lentuthwane endala.

intuthwane ye-velvet

Ngaphakathi kombuso wezintuthwane, enye engase ibambe ukunaka kwakho okuthiwa yi-velvet ant. Yisinambuzane esibonakala ngokuba umzimba waso wonke umbozwe uboya obuthambile kakhulu. Kodwa ngempela kufanele uqaphele kakhulu ngakho.

Futhi wukuthi le ntuthwane ayifani naleyo ongase ube nayo emqondweni, kuqalwa ngokuthi ithathwa njengomunyova kunentuthwane. Uyafuna ukwazi okwengeziwe nge-velvet ant? Hhayi-ke, qhubeka ufunda futhi uzokwazi ukuthola ukuthi yiziphi izici zabo, indawo yokuhlala, ukudla kanye nokuzala.

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intuthwane kaFaro

Ezweni lezintuthwane, zonke zibukeka ngokufanayo kithi. Kodwa akunjalo, empeleni, kunezinhlobo eziningi ezahlukene ezisimangazayo ngezinga elikhulu noma elincane. Injalo intuthwane kaFaro. Wake wezwa ngaye?

Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi ibhekwa njengesifo futhi ingaba yingozi kubantu nempilo jikelele, lokho akusho ukuthi abekho abantu abafuna ukwazi ngalezi zilwane. Ngakho uma ungomunye wabo, lapha sizokushiya lonke ulwazi oludingayo ukwazi mayelana nentuthwane kaFaro.

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umlilo intuthwane

Ngaphakathi kwezilwane zezintuthwane, kunezinhlobo eziningi ezahlukene. Enye yalezo ezingadonsa ukunaka kwakho kakhulu yilena ebomvu. Intuthwane ebomvu ngezinye izikhathi ibizwa nangokuthi intuthwane yomlilo. Kodwa-ke, lapho umba ujule kancane, siyabona ukuthi empeleni ziyizilwane ezimbili ezihlukene okuthi nakuba zihlanganyela izinto eziningi ezifanayo, nazo zihlukile.

Ngakho-ke uma ufuna ukwazi yini intuthwane yomlilo, ithini indawo yayo eyinhloko, ukondla, ukuzala nokuthi kwenzekani uma ikuluma, lapha uzothola lonke ulwazi oludingayo.

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Intuthwane Ebomvu

Umbuso wezilwane wezintuthwane awaziwa kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, kuziwa ekusunguleni ubudlelwane obufana kakhulu nobomnyovu, izinyosi ... Nokho, kuncane okwaziwayo ngazo, njengokuthi akukhona nje ukuthi intuthwane evamile ikhona, ngokuvamile emnyama, kodwa kukhona nezinye izinhlobo ezifana intuthwane ebomvu.

Uma ungakaze uzwe ngakho ngaphambili futhi unesithakazelo sokwazi lolu hlobo lwesinambuzane, ngaphezu kokwazi ukuthi sinobuthi noma cha, namuhla sizo khuluma ngentuthwane ebomvu ukuze uthole konke okufihliwe ngakho.

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Udosi lwentuthwane

intuthwane ihlaba

Impela ngesikhathi esithile, ikakhulukazi ngenkathi yasehlobo, uhlangabezane nesimangaliso esingemnandi sokuthi kube nezintuthwane. Okubi nakakhulu ukuthi uzwe intuthwane ikuluma enyameni yakho.

Uma ubucabanga ukuthi izintuthwane azilumi, sesivele sikutshela ukuthi akunjalo. Ziyaluma, futhi zingaba buhlungu kakhulu. Kodwa, ingabe kufanele kwenziwe okuthile lapho uhlatshwa? Zinobuthi? Ingabe kufanele ngiye egumbini lezimo eziphuthumayo? Ukholelwa noma ungakholelwa, ezinye izintuthwane zingafaka ukuphila kwakho engozini. kanjalo namuhla Sizochaza ngokulunywa kwezintuthwane nokuthi yini okufanele uyenze.

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intuthwane enamaphiko

Cishe njalo, ngesikhathi lapho ihlobo liphela futhi ikwindla iqala, kuvamile ukuthola uhlobo lwesinambuzane esingaluthandi kakhulu. Sikhuluma ngentuthwane enamaphiko. Abaningi bayamangala ngalokhu, noma bacabange ukuthi bangolunye uhlobo lwesilwane esifana nezintuthwane eziphansi, kodwa ezinamaphiko. Futhi abazi ukuthi bayefana.

Ingabe nawe uyamangala? Khona-ke ungakhohlwa ukufunda lonke ulwazi esikulungiselele lona ukuze uyazi ukuthi intuthwane enamaphiko injani, lapho ivela khona, imisebenzi nezidingo ezinjengokondla noma ukukhiqiza kabusha.

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isosha intuthwane

isosha intuthwane usayizi

Izintuthwane ziyizinambuzane ezinezici ezihlukile. Baziwa nangokuthi ama-formicids. Njengamanje kunezinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-10.000 ezaziwayo emhlabeni wonke. Eziningi zazo azikatholakali. Nokho, omunye wabo ubiza ukunakwa okukhethekile. Imayelana ne isosha intuthwane. Izintuthwane ezinezici ezihlukene futhi ezinendima ebalulekile emgodini.

Kulesi sihloko sizokutshela zonke izici zezintuthwane nokuthi yini umehluko ngedlozi lamasosha.

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intuthwane emnyama

izintuthwane nezintwala

Emhlabeni kunezinhlobo ezahlukene zezintuthwane kuye ngezici zazo nendawo ezihlala kuyo. Namuhla sizokhuluma nge intuthwane emnyama. Ziyizintuthwane ezivamile ezizalelwa eYurophu, e-Asia naseNyakatho Melika. Nakuba igama labo likhomba uhlobo oluthile, abantu abaningi bavame ukuzihlanganisa nezinye izinhlobo. Injalo indaba yezintuthwane zase-Argentina noma izintuthwane ezimnyama ezinephunga elimnandi. Lezi zigqama ngokukhipha iphunga eliyisici.

Kulesi sihloko sizokutshela zonke izici, indawo yokuhlala kanye nokuzala kwentuthwane emnyama.

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intuthwane engumbazi

izici zentuthwane engumbazi

Umbuso wezilwane ubonakala ngokungabi nohlobo olulodwa lwesilwane ngasinye, kodwa eziningana zazo. Ngakho-ke, endabeni yezintuthwane, singathola eziningi ezahlukene. Omunye wabo, intuthwane engumbazi, ngephutha wahlobene nomuhlwa osabekayo (ngaphandle kokufana.

Kodwa, liyini intuthwane engumbazi? Uhlala kuphi? Badla ngani? Uzothola lokhu nokunye okuningi ngezansi.

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Intuthwane

Izici zebhubesi ledlozi

Izwe lezintuthwane liyafana futhi kungenxa yokuthi iningi lazo liyafana. Nokho, kunezikhathi lapho uhlangana nezinhlobo ezihluke ngokuphelele, ngisho nasekuziphatheni kwazo. Yilokhu okwenzeka nge- intuthwane. Futhi cha, asibhekiseli entuthwaneni empeleni efana nalesi silwane esincelisayo, kodwa sibhekise esilwaneni esifana nojekamanzi.

Uma ufuna ukwazi ukuthi kungani lesi silwane sinegama elithakazelisayo kangaka, izici ezisenza sihluke, sihlala kuphi, ukuthi sidlani nokuthi sizala kanjani, qiniseka ukuthi ubheka iqoqo lolwazi esilulungisile.

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zombie intuthwane

zombie umbazi intuthwane

Nakuba kungase kubonakale njengento eqanjiwe yesayensi, iqiniso liwukuthi ukuba khona kwentuthwane ye-zombie kungokoqobo kakhulu. Akuyona impela intuthwane efayo futhi ivuke njenge-zombie, kodwa imbangela yalesi simo kungenxa yesikhunta esingathinta ubuchopho balezi zilwane.

Uma ufuna ukwazi okwengeziwe nge-zombie intuthwane, lapho lezi zivame ukuvela khona, izinhlobo zesikhunta ezibangela lokhu nokuthi ziziphatha kanjani, ungangabazi ukufunda lokho esikulungiselele kona.

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Inhlamvu yezinhlamvu

Ngaphakathi kombuso wezintuthwane, kunezinhlobo eziningi ezahlukene. Ezinye zivamile futhi sizazi ngeso lenyama. Kodwa kukhona abanye, njengentuthwane, igama labo elisidonsayo, nakuba ungeke uthande ukusondela kuyo, ingasaphathwa eyokukuluma. Uma ufuna ukwazi izici zentuthwane yenhlamvu, i...

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