- Izinyoni ezifudukayo zenza uhambo olujwayelekile ziqondiswa iwashi lazo lezinto eziphilayo, zinezidingo ezinkulu zomzimba nezomzimba.
- ESpain, ukusatshalaliswa kwazo kanye nezitayela zazo kuqondwa kangcono ngenxa yama-atlases, ukubalwa kwabantu, kanye nezinhlelo ezifana neSacre, Noctua, kanye nePaser.
- Ubuchwepheshe obusha bokulandelela, njengezithumeli zesathelayithi ezivela kuhlelo lwe-Migra, buveza imizila, izindawo ezibalulekile, kanye nezinguquko ekuziphatheni kokufuduka.
- Izinhlobo ezifana ne-brown godwit zibonisa ukuzivumelanisa kwe-metabolic kanye nokudla ukuze kuncishiswe ukucindezeleka kwe-oxidative ekufudukeni okukhulu kwezinkulungwane zamakhilomitha.
I-Las izinyoni ezifudukayo Ziyizimbangela zezinye zezinto zemvelo ezihlaba umxhwele kakhulu emhlabeni. Njalo ngonyaka, izigidi zalezi zilwane ziqala uhambo oluthatha amakhulu noma ngisho nezinkulungwane zamakhilomitha, ziqondiswa yiwashi lazo langaphakathi, ukutholakala kokudla, kanye nesidingo sokuthola izindawo ezinhle kakhulu zokuzala noma zokuchitha ubusika. Ngemuva kwalolu hambo kulele inhlanganisela eyinkimbinkimbi yebhayoloji, ukuziphatha, ubuchwepheshe bokulandelela, kanye, nokulondolozwa kwemvelo.
ESpain, ngenxa yomsebenzi wezinhlangano zesayensi nezokulondolozwa kwemvelo, sazi okwengeziwe mayelana imizila, inani labantu, kanye nezinguquko ekunyakazeni kwalezi zinyoni. Izinhlelo zokulandelela ezikude, ukukhala kwendabuko, kanye nokusetshenziswa kwama-satellite transmitter kwembula ngokuningiliziwe indlela izinyoni ezihamba ngayo, indlela ezilungiselela ngayo lezi zindiza ezinkulu, kanye nendlela ushintsho lwesimo sezulu oluzithinta ngayo. Kulesi sihloko, sizohlola konke lokhu ngombono obanzi, kodwa okwethulwe ngendlela efinyelelekayo.
Ziyini izinyoni ezifudukayo futhi zihluke kanjani ezinyonini ezihlala khona?
Uma sikhuluma ngakho izinyoni ezifudukayo Sibhekisela kulezo zinhlobo ezenza ukunyakaza okuvamile nokubikezelwayo phakathi kwezindawo ezahlukene unyaka wonke. Ngokuvamile zihamba phakathi kwezindawo zazo zokuzalela (lapho zikhulisa khona amaphuphu azo) kanye nezindawo zazo zasebusika (lapho zichitha khona isizini esingesihle ngokwesimo sezulu noma ukudla). Lokhu kufuduka kuvame ukuphindaphinda njalo ngonyaka, kulandela amashejuli ahambisanayo futhi kuvame ukubonisa uphawu oluphawulekayo. ukwethembeka ezidlekeni zabo.
Akuzona zonke izinyoni eziwela kulesi sigaba: izinhlobo eziningi zinjalo ukuhlala phansiOkusho ukuthi, zihlala esifundeni esifanayo unyaka wonke ngoba zithola izimo ezanele lapho ukuze ziphile futhi zizalane. Phakathi kwalezi zindawo ezimbili ezibucayi, kunezinyoni ezingahambi amabanga amade, kodwa ezenza ukunyakaza okuhlakazekayo ngaphandle kwesizini yokuzala, ukushintsha kwezigodi, ukuphakama noma izindawo eziseduze kuye ngezinsiza ezitholakalayo.
Ukufuduka kulawulwa yi- iwashi langaphakathi lezinto eziphilayo okuphendula ezicini zemvelo ezifana nobude bosuku, izinga lokushisa, ukutholakala kokudla, noma isimo somzimba senyoni. Lezi zici zivusa izimpendulo zamahomoni, ngendlela enembile kakhulu, eziqala ukuziphatha kokufuduka: ukwanda kwesifiso sokudla, ukuqongelela amafutha agciniwe, ukungaphumuli kokufuduka, futhi, ekugcineni, ukuqala kohambo.
Kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuthi ukufuduka akuyona into elula: kuhilela uhambo olukhulu umzamo womzimba nowomzimbaIzinyoni kumele zivumelanise indlela ezisebenzisa ngayo ukudla, zenze imizimba yazo ikwazi ukundiza amabanga amade futhi, ezimweni eziningi, zibhekane nokuwela ulwandle, ogwadule noma izintaba ngaphandle kwethuba lokuphumula noma lokudla.
Okwamanje, ezinye izinhlobo, naphezu kokuba zikwazi ukufuduka, ziyashintsha indlela eziziphatha ngayo futhi zinciphisa ibanga lohambo lwazo. Ezinye izinhlobo ezazikade zinqamula ziye e-Afrika manje zisahlala emazweni azo. izindawo ezisogwini noma ezindaweni ezinamanzi eningizimu yeYurophu lapho ubusika bupholile, okubonisa izinga lapho isimo sezulu esishintshayo sibumba khona amasu abo.
Ukusatshalaliswa, ubuningi kanye nokuqapha izinyoni eSpain
ESpain, kube nentuthuko enkulu olwazini mayelana ukusatshalaliswa kanye nosayizi wabantu kwezinyoni, ezihlala kanye nezifudukayo. Sekungamashumi eminyaka izinhlangano ezikhethekile zisebenza nezinkulungwane zezisebenzi zokuzithandela ezihlanganyela ekubalwa kwabantu, ekusabalalisweni kwezincwadi ze-atlase, kanye nezinhlelo zokuqapha ezihlelekile.
Enye yezinto ezibaluleke kakhulu ezifeziwe kube ukuthuthukiswa kwe- i-atlas yezinyoni ezizalanayo ESpain, izikwele zegridi kanye nezinhlobo zezindawo zokuhlala lapho izinhlobo ezahlukene zizalela khona zidwetshwe ngemininingwane eminingi. Lokhu kunikeza ukuqonda okuqinile kwezindawo zokuzalela, okubalulekile ekutholeni ukwehla, izinguquko ekusabalaleni, noma ukwanda ezindaweni ezintsha.
Ngaphezu kwesikhathi sokuzala, kwenziwe umsebenzi wokuqonda ukusatshalaliswa kwasebusika yezilwane zasendle. I-atlas yokuqala yezinyoni ebusika eSpain yenze kwaba nokwenzeka ukuhlonza ukuthi izilwane zigxila kuphi phakathi nezinyanga ezibandayo, ukuthi yiziphi izindawo ezibalulekile njengezindawo zokuphephela zasebusika nokuthi ezinye izinhlobo zishintsha kanjani phakathi kwehlobo nobusika.
Lezi zifundo zihambisana nokubalwa kwabantu kwezinhlobo ezithile, ikakhulukazi lezo ze- inani labantu elincane noma elinciphayo, njengezifundo mayelana ukufuduka kwama-woodcockEzimweni eziningi, lezi yizinyoni eziphakathi noma ezinkulu, okungaziwa kahle ukuthi zingakanani izinyoni ezweni kuze kube muva nje. Lokhu kubalwa kwabantu kubalulekile ukuhlola isimo sazo sokulondolozwa nokubeka phambili izenzo.
Kukhona nezinhlelo zokuqapha zesikhathi eside, njengeSacre, Noctua, noma iPaser, ezikuvumela ukuthi wazi izitayela zabantu (kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ziyanda, ziyancipha, noma zihlala zizinzile) eminyakeni edlule. Ngenxa yokungaguquguquki kwabantu abenza lokhu kuhlola, kungenzeka ukubona izinguquko ezincane, ukuhlobanisa lokhu kuguquguquka nokusetshenziswa komhlaba, isimo sezulu, noma ingcindezi yabantu, kanye nokuphakamisa izindlela zokunciphisa imiphumela.
Naphezu kwalezi ntuthuko, ulwazi mayelana ukufuduka okuningiliziwe (imizila eqondile, izindawo zokuma, izikhathi, ukuphakama kwendiza, njll.) akukapheleli ezimweni eziningi, ikakhulukazi ezinyonini ezincane. Yilapho izinhlelo zokubeka amathegi ezithuthukisiwe kanye nokusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe obusha kungena khona.
Izinguquko ekuziphatheni kokufuduka: indima yokushintsha kwesimo sezulu
Emashumini eminyaka amuva nje kuye kwaphawulwa ukuthi izinhlobo eziningi zezilwane ukushintsha ukuziphatha kwabo kokufudukaAbanye, ababevame ukuwela iStrait futhi bahambe baye e-Afrika eseningizimu yeSahara, manje bakhetha ukuhlala ebusika eningizimu yeNhlonhlo yase-Iberia noma eMedithera, okunciphisa kakhulu uhambo lwabo.
Isibonelo esicacile kakhulu yilezi: izinkalankala ezimhlophekanye nezinye izinhlobo ezifana ne-black stork noma i-booted eagle. Inani elikhulayo lezinhlobo lichitha ubusika ogwini lwaseMedithera noma ezindaweni eziphansi zemifula emikhulu njengeGuadalquivir, lisebenzisa amazinga okushisa aphansi kanye nemithombo yokudla etholakalayo unyaka wonke.
Incazelo eyinhloko enikezwa umphakathi wesayensi yile ukushintsha kwesimo sezuluUbusika abunankinga kangako ezindaweni eziningi zokuzalela, okusho ukuthi izinsiza zokudla (izinambuzane, izilwane ezincane ezinomgogodla, imfucuza yemvelo ezindaweni zokulahla udoti, njll.) zihlala zisezingeni elifanele isikhathi esiningi sasebusika. Uma sibheka lesi simo, ukutshala amandla nokuthatha izingozi ekufudukeni okude akunangqondo kangako.
Lezi zinguquko aziyona into encane: zishintsha izilinganiso zemveloLezi zinguquko zishintsha ubudlelwano phakathi kwezinyoni nezindawo zokuhlala zasebusika zendabuko e-Afrika futhi zingenza ezinye izinhlobo zithembele kakhulu ezintweni ezixhumene nemisebenzi yabantu (isb., izindawo zokulahla udoti noma ukunisela okunamandla). Ngaphezu kwalokho, zingafihla ukwehla kwenani kwezinye izingxenye zohlobo lwazo.
Yingakho imibhalo enembile ibalulekile. ukuziphatha kokufuduka kwamanje yohlobo ngalunye. Uma idatha ingaqoqwa manje, iphuzu lokubhekisela lokuthi ukunyakaza kwazo kwakunjani esikhathini esidlule samuva nje lizolahleka, okwenza kube nzima ukuqonda ukuvela kwebhayoloji yazo nokusabela ezinguqukweni zemvelo zesikhathi esizayo.
Ukukhala kwesayensi kanye nemikhawulo yayo
Ucwaningo lokufuduka kwezinyoni lunomlando omude. Lwaqala ukusetshenziswa cishe eminyakeni eyikhulu edlule. ukukhala kwesayensi njengethuluzi eliyisisekelo lokuphenya ngalezi zinyathelo. Kuhlanganisa ukubeka indandatho encane yensimbi noma indandatho eyenziwe ngenye into elula emlenzeni wenyoni, enekhodi ehlukile kanye nekheli lesikhungo sokushaya ucingo.
Uma leyo nyoni ibanjwa noma itholakala kwenye indawo emhlabeni, ikhodi yendandatho ingabikwa, okuvumela ukuthi ingxenye yohambo lwayo yakhiwe kabusha, kwembulwe ukuthi yayibekwe kuphi nokuthi yaphinde yavela kuphi. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, ukuqongelela kwezindandatho ezitholiwe kuye kwavumela imephu yokuhamba kwayo. amamephu emizila yokufuduka, qagela isivinini sokuhamba bese uxhumanisa izindawo zokuzalela kanye nezindawo zokuhlala ebusika.
Kodwa-ke, ukukhala kunemikhawulo ecacile. Ulwazi lutholakala kuphela uma inyoni ikhala. kuthathwe kabusha noma kutholakaleLokhu kwenzeka kuphela engxenyeni encane yezimo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, indawo yokumaka kanye nendawo yokululama kuphela okwaziwayo, kodwa hhayi yonke indlela ephakathi, izindawo zokuma, izindlela eziphambukayo, noma imininingwane ecacile yohambo.
Noma kunjalo, amashumi eminyaka iningi lalokho esikwaziyo ukufuduka kwezinyoni Lokhu kutholakale ngale mikhankaso yokushaya ucingo. Ngisho nanamuhla, kusalokhu kuyithuluzi eliwusizo kakhulu, ikakhulukazi uma kuhlanganiswa nezinye izindlela zesimanje, njengoba kuvumela ukusebenza nabantu abaningi kanye nezinhlobo zabo bonke ubukhulu.
Ukufika kobuchwepheshe obusha akuzange kuthathe indawo ngokuphelele yokukhala kwezinyoni, kodwa kuvule ithuba lokuphendula imibuzo ebingaphendulwanga ngaphambilini. akunakwenzeka ukubhekana nayo ngale ndlela yakudala. Ukwazi, isibonelo, ukuthi bandiza kuphi ukuphakama, ukuthi basabela kanjani esivunguvungwini, noma ukuthi yiziphi izindlela ezihlukile abazisebenzisayo eminyakeni ethile kudinga amathuluzi anembe kakhulu.
Ubuchwepheshe obusha bokulandelela: ama-transmitter nama-satellite
Emashumini eminyaka amuva nje, isayensi iye yasungula izinhlelo zokulandelela ezisekelwe ku- ama-transmitter kagesi Lawa madivayisi avumela ukulandelela okunembile kakhulu indawo yenyoni ngezikhathi ezahlukene zosuku, ezinyangeni noma ngisho neminyaka. Anamathele emzimbeni wenyoni, ngokuvamile njengesikhwama sesikhwama esilula, esakhiwe ngokucophelela ukuze singaphazamisi ukundiza kwayo.
Eziningi zalezi zithumeli zisebenzisa ubuchwepheshe besathelayithi noma i-GPS ukuqopha izixhumanisi zendawo ngokunemba okukhulu. Inzuzo enkulu ukuthi zingakwazi ukuthola indawo yenyoni izikhathi eziningana ngosuku (noma ngezikhawu ezihleliwe), ngezikhathi ezinde, ngaleyo ndlela zakha umlando ophelele wokunyakaza kwayo kulo lonke umjikelezo wayo waminyaka yonke.
Ngenxa yalezi zinhlelo kungenzeka ukwazi ukuthi inyoni ihlala isikhathi esingakanani ngaphakathi izindawo zabo zokuzalela kanye nezindawo zokuhlala ebusika, ngaluphi usuku ukufuduka okuqala ngalo, iyiphi indlela ethile elandela yona, isivinini esihamba ngaso, yikuphi ukuphakama kokundiza evame ukukusebenzisa, nokuthi izici ezifana nendawo, ulwandle, izingwadule, noma izimo zezulu zithonya kanjani indlela yayo.
Olunye ulwazi olubalulekile ukuhlonza izindawo zokuma nokuphumula Ngesikhathi sokufuduka, izinyoni zima ezindaweni ezinamanzi, ezindaweni ezisogwini, emachibini okugcina amanzi, noma ezindaweni zezolimo ukuze zigcwalise amandla azo nokudla kwazo ngaphambi kokuba ziqhubeke nohambo lwazo. Lezi zindawo zisebenza njengezindawo ezibalulekile zokugcwalisa uphethiloli wezinto eziphilayo, okwenza ukulondolozwa kwazo kube yinto eza kuqala.
Lokhu kugcwala kwedatha, uma sekuhlaziyiwe, kuvumela umsebenzi oqinile kakhulu ku- ukulondolozwa kwezinyoni ezifudukayonjengoba izindawo ezivikelwe zingaqokwa lapho kuye kwafakazelwa khona ukuthi zichitha isikhathi esibalulekile somjikelezo wazo wokuphila, hhayi nje lapho zibonwa khona ngezikhathi ezithile.
Uhlelo lwe-Migra: ukuqapha okuningiliziwe kwezinhlobo eSpain
Ngenhloso yokugcwalisa izikhala zolwazi ezikhona, okulandelayo kwethulwa eSpain: Uhlelo lwe-Migra, uhlelo lokulandelela izinyoni oluhlanganisa umsebenzi wokuphawula wendabuko nobuchwepheshe obusha bokudlulisa obusekelwe kwisathelayithi, ngokubambisana nezinhlangano zesayensi kanye nezinhlangano ezizimele.
Lolu hlelo lugxile ekutadisheni ukunyakaza kwezinhlobo ngazinye esikhathini esingaphezu konyaka owodwa noma ngaphezulu ukuze kufundwe ngokuningiliziwe ukuthi yiziphi izinyoni ezenza lokho ukufuduka okukhululezo ezenza ukunyakaza okuhlakazekile eduze kwendawo yazo yokuzalela kanye nelezo ezihlala phansi cishe.
Ulwazi olutholakalayo belungcono kakhulu ngezinhlobo. kusengozini enkulu futhi kuyivelakancaneokwakwenziwe imizamo yokuqapha ejulile. Kodwa-ke, idatha eqinile yayingekho ngezinyoni eziningi eziphakathi noma ezinkulu ezinezinhlobo ezincane, futhi cishe akukho lwazi olunembile olwalukhona ngeningi lazo. izinyoni ezincane Ama-passerines aseSpain, naphezu kokuthi abaningi babo bangabafuduki abahambela kude.
Uhlelo lwe-Migra luhlanganisa abantu bezinhlobo ezahlukene ngemishini yokudlulisa eqopha indawo yabo izikhathi eziningana ngosuku, iminyaka eminingana ilandelana. Lokhu kuvumela ukwakhiwa kabusha okuningiliziwe kokunyakaza kwabo. umjikelezo wayo wonyaka opheleleIzindawo zokuzalela, imizila yokufuduka, izindawo zokuma kanye nezindawo zokuchitha ubusika, okuhlanganisa nezinguquko ezingaba khona ekuziphatheni unyaka nonyaka.
Lonke lolu lwazi luzotholakala kubasebenzisi kanye nabantu abanentshisekelo ngokusebenzisa amamephu asebenzayo Iwebhusayithi yalolu hlelo yenza kube lula kokubili ucwaningo lwesayensi kanye nokuqwashisa ngemvelo kanye nokufinyelela abantu. Noma ubani angahlola ukunyakaza kwezinhlobo ezithile noma abantu ngabanye abaphawuliwe, athole ukuqonda okungcono ngobukhulu bohambo lwabo.
Kunjani ukufuduka kwezinyoni: amabanga kanye nomzamo womzimba
Ukufuduka kwezinyoni akuyona into efanayo: ezinye izinhlobo zihamba amakhilomitha ambalwa nje kuphela, kanti ezinye zibhekene nezinselele zangempela. ama-marathon anqamula izwekaziPhakathi kwezinto ezihlaba umxhwele kakhulu yilezi izinyoni zasogwini ezifudukayo (oda i-Charadriiformes), ekwazi ukwenza uhambo olude olumangalisayo kakhulu embusweni wezilwane.
Kwezinye izimo, ukufuduka kwaminyaka yonke kwalezi zinyoni zasogwini kudlula 30.000 amakhilomitha Uma sihlanganisa uhambo oluya nokubuya, okuhlanganisa indiza eyodwa noma ngaphezulu ezingapheli ezinqamula olwandle ezingaba amakhilomitha angu-8.000 kuya kwangu-12.000. Okusho ukuthi, zindiza izinsuku eziningi phezu kolwandle ngaphandle kokuma, zithembele kuphela ezinqolobaneni zazo ezingokwenyama kanye nekhono lazo lokuhamba.
Lolu hlobo lokusebenza ngokomzimba alunawo amandla alinganayo kwamanye amaqembu ezilwane ezinomgogodla zasemhlabeni. ukumelana nendiza Ukuziphatha okuboniswa yilezi zinyoni kusho umsebenzi omkhulu kakhulu futhi oqhubekayo wokugaya ukudla, kanye nokusetshenziswa kwamandla amaningi okudinga ukulungiswa kusengaphambili ukuze kugwenywe umonakalo omkhulu ezicutshini zazo.
Phakathi nalolu hambo, izinyoni zingafinyelela isivinini esikhulu esimaphakathi, zivumelanise ukuphakama kwazo kokundiza ngokuya ngesilinganiso izimo zezulu kanye nemisinga yomoya. Basebenzisa imimoya emihle ukunciphisa umzamo futhi bagweme, ngangokunokwenzeka, ukubhekana nezimo ezimbi ezingabenza basebenzise amandla engeziwe noma baziphambukise endleleni yabo.
Konke lokhu kwenza ukufuduka kube inqubo eyingozi kakhulu, lapho izici ezifana iziphepho ezingazelelwe, ukulahlekelwa izindawo zokuhlala zokuma, ukungcola kokukhanya noma komoya kungathinta kakhulu impumelelo yohambo, ngakho-ke, ukusinda kwabantu.
Icala lenaliti ensundu: umfuduki oqhele kakhulu
Phakathi kwezinyoni ezifudukayo zasogwini, okulandelayo kuvelele kakhulu: inaliti ensundu (Limosa haematica), okuziphatha kwayo kokufuduka kube yisihloko sezifundo eziningiliziwe zamaqembu esayensi omhlaba wonke. Lolu hlobo luchitha ihlobo lase-Australia eNingizimu Melika, ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezifana neTierra del Fuego kanye neziqhingi zaseChiloé eningizimu yeChile.
Njengoba isikhathi sokuzala sisondela, i-brown needlebird iqala uhambo olungafinyelela 10.000 amakhilomithaIndiza cishe izinsuku eziyisikhombisa zilandelana ngesivinini esikhulu, ngaphandle kokuma. Ingenye yezinhlobo ezimbalwa zezinyoni ezikwazi ukuhamba uhambo olude kangaka ngaphandle kokuma, inqamula izindawo ezinkulu zezwekazi laseMelika.
Phakathi nalokhu kufuduka ukuya enyakatho, lolu hlobo lwenza ukuma kwalo okuwukuphela kwento enkulu e- i-United States ephakathilapho ima khona ukuze yondle futhi ithole amandla ngaphambi kokuqhubeka iye ezindaweni eziphakeme zase-Alaska, indawo yayo eyinhloko yokuzalela. Lapho, isebenzisa ihlobo lasenyakatho elifushane kodwa elikhiqizayo ukukhulisa amaphuphu ayo.
Le ndlela yokufuduka, exhumanisa izindawo ezikude njengaseningizimu yeChile kanye nenyakatho-ntshonalanga yeNyakatho Melika, ivele ngenxa ukulandelela okuningiliziwe ngobuchwepheshe besimanje kanye nokuhlaziywa kwemingcele yokuphila okusiza ukuqonda ukuthi inyoni ilungiselela kanjani inselele enjalo.
Ucwaningo nge-brown godwit lubonisa kahle izinga izinyoni ezifudukayo okumele zilungise ngalo ibhalansi phakathi kokusetshenziswa kwamandla kanye nokuvikelwa kwezinto eziphilayoukulawula imiphumela emibi yokuzikhandla okukhulu, njengomonakalo we-oxidative, ukuze kusindiswe lolu hambo unyaka nonyaka.
Ukucindezeleka kwe-oxidative kanye ne-metabolism ezinyonini ezifudukayo
Uma isidalwa senza ukuzivocavoca okukhulu nokwesikhathi eside, njengoba kwenzeka ngesikhathi sokundiza ibanga elide kwezinyoni ezifudukayo, ukukhiqizwa izinhlobo ze-oxygen ezisabelayoLawa ma-molecule, aziwa kakhulu ngokuthi ama-free radicals, angabangela umonakalo we-oxidative ku-DNA, ama-lipids e-membrane yeseli, kanye namaprotheni.
Inkinga ivela lapho la ma-free radicals ukuqongelela ngokweqile Ezicutshini futhi azisuswa ngempumelelo yizinhlelo zomzimba zokulwa nama-antioxidant. Uma kunjalo, ingozi yokulimala kwamangqamuzana iyanda, okungalimaza impilo yesilwane, ukusebenza kahle komzimba, futhi ekugcineni, ukusinda kwaso.
Ukukhuthazela kwezinyoni ezifudukayo kuveza isimo esifanele salolu hlobo lokucindezeleka: amazinga aphezulu okusebenza komzimba aqhubekayo, ukusetshenziswa komoya-mpilo omningi, kanye nokuhlanganiswa okuphezulu kwamafutha agciniwe. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, ososayensi bebezibuza iminyaka eminingi ukuthi lezi zinyoni zikwazi kanjani ukugwema ingcindezi oxidative kuba yinkinga enkulu.
Endabeni ye-brown godwit, ucwaningo lwamuva lubonise ukuthi izinyoni ziyakwazi ukunciphisa amazinga ezinhlobo ze-oxygen ezisebenzayo Ngesikhathi esifanayo, zandisa ukuzivikela kwazo kwama-antioxidant ngesikhathi sokulungiselela ukufuduka. Ngamanye amazwi, zilindele inselele yomzimba ebalindele.
Amapharamitha omonakalo we-oxidative kanye nomthamo we-antioxidant alinganiswa ngezikhathi ezahlukene ngesikhathi sangaphambi kokufuduka, kuhlanganiswa lezi zilinganiso zegazi nokuhlaziywa kwe-enzyme kanye ne-fat metabolism. Imiphumela ikhombisa ukuthi, njengoba ukufuduka kusondela, izinyoni zithuthukisa isimo somhlaba wonke se-oxidative, yize amazinga abo okugaya ukudla enyuka.
Ukudla njengendlela yokubhekana nokufuduka
Enye yezinto ezithokozisayo kakhulu ezivela kulezi zifundo ukuthi inaliti ensundu ibonakala isebenzisa ukudla njengethuluzi ukulungiselela izindleko zomzimba zokufuduka ibanga elide. Ngaphambi kokuba ziqale ukundiza kwazo ngokungami, lezi zinyoni cishe ziphindwe kabili isisindo somzimba wazo ngesikhathi sokudla kanzima.
Phakathi naleso sigaba sangaphambi kokukhuluphala, bakhetha ngokukhethekile ukudla okunothe ngama-antioxidantsnjenge-uric acid kanye nezinye izinto ezitholakala ezilwaneni ezingenamgogodla zasolwandle ezitholakala kalula lapho amanzi ephela. Lokhu kudla okukhethekile kusiza ukwandisa ukuzivikela komzimba kuma-free radicals azokhiqizwa ngesikhathi sokundiza.
Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukwanda kwesisindo somzimba kuveza ukuqongelela okukhulu kwesisindo somzimba. amafutha reservesokuzosebenza njengophethiloli oyinhloko phakathi nalezo zinsuku zokundiza okuqhubekayo. Ngale ndlela, ukudla kufeza umsebenzi okabili: ukuhlinzeka ngamandla ahlala isikhathi eside kanye nokuhlinzeka ngama-molecule avikela izicubu ekulimaleni kwe-oxidative.
Imiphumela eshicilelwe ikhombisa ukuthi, njengoba isizini yangaphambi kokufuduka iqhubeka, i-brown marshbird ayigcini nje ngokuqinisa amazinga ayo e-antioxidant, kodwa futhi ifinyelela nciphisa izinkomba zomonakalo we-oxidative Lokhu kuthuthukiswa kwesimo se-oxidative kubhekwa njengendlela yokulungisa kahle ukunciphisa izindleko zomzimba zokufuduka.
Leli cala liqokomisa ukuthi izinyoni ezifudukayo sezithuthukile amasu aphelele ezihlanganisa izinguquko ekuziphatheni kokudla, ukulungiswa kwe-metabolic kanye nokulungiselela umzimba ukuze zibhekane nenselele, uma ibonwa ngaphandle, ebonakala ingenakwenzeka: ukundiza izinkulungwane zamakhilomitha ngaphandle kokuphumula okubonakalayo.
Lonke lolu lwazi, olutholakale ngamaphrojekthi asensimini eSpain kanye nolwakhiwe emhlabeni jikelele ngezinhlobo ezifana ne-brown needlefish, lusiza ekwenzeni umbono ophelele kakhulu wokufuduka yezinyoni. Ngenxa yokuhlanganiswa kokukhala, ama-satellite transmitter, ukuhlaziywa kwempilo kanye nokubamba iqhaza kwezakhamuzi ekubalwa kwabantu, namuhla siyazi ukuthi uhambo lwazo luyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu futhi luyamangalisa kunalokho okwakucatshangwa emashumini ambalwa eminyaka edlule.
