- Njengoba imvelaphi engaqinisekiswanga ngezibopho eziqinile zaseMedithera naseCroatia, yahlanganiswa eNgilandi futhi yaduma kakhulu isekisi nesinema.
- Imisebenzi yomlando: inja yenqola kanye nenja esekela izicishamlilo, kanye nokuzingela nokuqapha, ngenxa yokukhuthazela nokuqapha kwayo.
- Uhlamvu olunobudlelwane nolusebenzayo; kudinga ukuvivinya umzimba okuningi, ukuhlalisana kwabantu kusenesikhathi, nokuqeqeshwa kokuqinisa okuhle.
- Impilo enezidingo ezikhethekile: I-BAER yokungezwa, ukuthambekela kokukhipha amatshe, nokunakekelwa kwesikhumba, ukudla okukhethekile uma kunesidingo.
Isithonjana esiphelele sejazi layo elinamachashazi, i-Dalmatian ingenye yalezo zinhlobo ezibonwa wonke umuntu ngokushesha, kodwa iphethe i-aura yemfihlakalo ezungeze imvelaphi yayo. Umlando wayo uhlanganisa izinkomba zemivubukulo, ama-anecdotes avela ezinkantolo zaseYurophu kanye nemisebenzi ehluke kakhulu., kusukela ezinqoleni eziphelezelwayo kuya eziphelezelwa izicishamlilo.
Emigqeni elandelayo, sizodalula okwaziwayo nalokho okusolwayo mayelana nemvelaphi yako, umsebenzi wakho phakathi namakhulu eminyaka, uhlamvu lwakho, impilo, nokunakekelwa, kanye namaqiniso athakazelisayo okungenzeka awukawazi. umbono ophelele futhi ojabulisayo, kulandela okushiwo imithombo ebekwe endaweni engcono kakhulu futhi ifaneleka ngemibono ebhaliwe.
Ivelaphi ngempela iDalmatian? Imikhondo, amathiyori, nezinkomba zakuqala
Igama lalolu hlobo libhekisela eDalmatia, isifunda esisogwini lweCroatia yanamuhla, futhi akuvamile ukufunda ukuthi “yathuthukiswa” lapho; Nokho, umsuka oqondile uhlala ungaqinisekisiweKunezithombe zezinja ezimachashaza zasendulo zaseMedithera, njengemifanekiso nemidwebo okuthiwa yenziwe ngezithombe zaseGibhithe Lasendulo nezamaGreki, kanye nemidwebo yabadwebi base-Italy bangekhulu le-16 ebonisa izinja ezibukeka ngendlela efanayo.
Noma kunjalo, i-documentary trail inezikhala. Kukhulunywa ngo-a i-vacuum yolwazi kwaze kwaba sekuqaleni kwekhulu le-17, lapho abahambi, abaculi abajikelezayo namaqembu ayimizulane abavela ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene zaseYurophu beqala ukwamukela izinja ezimabalabala ngenxa yokubukeka kwazo okungavamile kanye nomlingiswa ophilayo.
Kukhona ama-akhawunti akhombisa ukuthi ngemuva kweSivumelwano sase-Utrecht ngo-1712, Amanye amasosha ngabe abuya nezinja ezinamabala avela eSpain, okunomthelela ekusakazekeni kwayo eYurophu. Ngaso leso sikhathi, izinkulumo kanye nemidwebo yohlobo lwavela eNgilandi ngekhulu le-18 nele-19: UThomas Bewick wachaza futhi wadweba "iDalmatian" ngo-1792, futhi izinga lokuqala lohlobo ladwetshwa nguVero Shaw ngo-1882. ukwenziwa ngokusemthethweni kwezinga Izofika ngo-1890, kanti kumarekhodi adlule yayisivele yaqashelwa cishe ngo-1888.
Ukuxhumana neCroatia kuphinde kuqiniswe ubufakazi besimanje: ngekhulu lama-20, uVane Ivanovic, uConsul General waseMonaco eGreat Britain kanye nelungu leBritish Dalmatian Club, wathatha izibonelo ezimbalwa waya eDalmatia njengesipho sikababa wakhe ongamzali. qinisa umjaho kulelozwe. Enye indlela, i-etymology ethandwayo, ethi "Damachien," iye yahlongozwa ngisho, ehlanganisa elithi "Dama" (inyamazane eyifallow, ngesiLatini) nelithi "chien" (inja, ngesiFulentshi), nakuba le ncazelo ingeyona eyamukelwa kabanzi yi-cynology yesimanje.
Abanye ababhali baye bahlongoza i-hypothesis "yasogwadule": izinja ezivela ezindaweni ezomile, zazo uboya obumhlophe obunamabala Bekungasebenza njengokufihla phakathi kwezihlabathi ezilula namatshe amnyama. Uma kunjalo, ukuzalanisa okukhethiwe bekuyosungula le phethini yesici ezizukulwaneni ngezizukulwane, okungachaza ukusimama okumangalisayo kohlobo lwe-morphological ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
Imikhondo eyengeziwe enelukuluku ivela eNgilandi. Ngo-1743, u-Admiral Lord Anson waya eMacau (China) futhi, ngemva kokusiza ukucisha umlilo ezindlini zokugcina izimpahla zeViceroy of Canton, wathola izipho ezivela kubathengisi baseYurophu, kuhlanganise netafula elihlotshiswe nge. izinja ezinamabala afana kakhulu kwabaseDalmatians. Le sevisi, egcinwe ngokuhlanganyela nefa lakhe laseShugborough, iphakamisa ukuthi isithombe senja enamabala sasakazwa emcabangweni waseYurophu. Akwaziwa ukuthi lezi zinja bezihlala khona ngempela noma bekuyi-aesthetic motif ekhethelwe i-porcelain.
Izixhumanisi ziye zacashunwa ne-Talbot hound, eyaziwa kakhulu eNgilandi ngekhulu le-19. Ijazi lezikhali lomndeni wakwaTalbot Ibonise izinja ezimhlophe ezinamadlebe amade, futhi abanye babona kulolu hlu isiphambano esingase sibe kude ne-Dalmatian yesimanje. Kunoma ikuphi, ubufakazi obuningi bukhomba uhlobo olwasungulwa futhi lwenziwa isitayela eYurophu, oludumile eNgilandi.
Kakade ngekhulu le-19, amasekisi namasiko athandwayo wakhulisa udumo lwakhe, futhi ngekhulu lama-20, i-Disney's 101 Dalmatians (1961) yamthatha waba yisithonjana somhlaba wonke, evuselela isithakazelo ngokuzijwayeza okwalandela. Noma kunjalo, kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi umlingisi wefilimu akabonisi ngaso sonke isikhathi ubuntu bangempela benja.
Ukusuka ezinqoleni kuya ezikhungweni zokucima umlilo: imisebenzi eyakha inganekwane yabo
Emashumini eminyaka, amaDalmatians bekuyizinja ezithwala kanzima. Indima yabo yayinezici eziningi: bagijima kanye namahhashiBasusa iphaseji futhi banqanda izinja ezilahlekile noma ezingosomathuba; babegada nenqola uma kungekho bagibeli. Lo msebenzi wawuhlotshaniswa nezikhulu, ikakhulukazi eNgilandi, lapho ubuhle babo buhambisana nomfanekiso wezigaba ezicebile.
Lobo buhlobo obuseduze namahhashi babaholela komunye umsebenzi abadume ngawo: phelezela izicishamliloNgaphambi kwezinjini, babehamba phambili ngokukhonkotha, bephelezela izinqola eziya emlilweni, begcina amahhashi ezolile lapho iqembu lisebenza, lisiza ekusesheni nasekugadweni. Ngokusebenzisa izimoto, indima yabo yokusebenza yehla, nakuba iDalmatian Isinda njengophawu lomnyango wezomlilo emazweni amaningi, ikakhulukazi lawo anesiko lama-Anglo-Saxon.
Ngokomlando zazisetshenziselwa ukuzingela futhi, ezimweni zempi, njenge unogada noma izinja zasemngceleniUkukhuthazela kwabo kanye nekhono lokuhamba amabanga amade kwakufanela izindima ezazidinga ukuqina nokunakwa njalo.
Ukubukeka nokujwayelekile: intelezi engenaphutha
Uma i-Dalmatian idume nganoma yini, kungenxa yejazi layo elimhlophe elinamachashazi ahlukene. Okugqama kakhulu ngakho ukuthi imidlwane izalwa imhlophe qwa bese uqala ukukhombisa amachashaza phakathi namasonto angu-2-4 ubudala (amabala okuqala abonakala ezinsukwini eziyi-14). Iphethini ihlukile kumuntu ngamunye, ngakho awekho amaDalmatians amabili afanayo; amachashaza angase avele ngisho nase-mucosa yomlomo.
Izinhlobo zemibala ezivame kakhulu ezamukelwayo ziyi ezimhlophe ezinombala omnyama noma wesibindi onsunduEmifanekisweni enamabala amnyama, ikhala ngokuvamile limnyama; emifanekisweni enamabala esibindi, insundu. Ngezikhathi ezithile, kubikwa amasampula kalamula, awolintshi, ama-brindle, noma anamabala aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka, nakuba lezi zingavamile kakhulu futhi, kuye ngezinga, azithandeki ngaso sonke isikhathi ekuzaleni okukhethekile.
Ngokomthethosisekelo ovumelanayo, i-Dalmatian iyinja enemigqa ehlanzekile, enemisipha futhi esebenzayo, enezitho eziqondile nezinyawo ezihlangene zohlobo "lwezinyawo zekati". Ikhanda lide, linogebhezi lwekhanda oluyisicaba futhi umlomo wombhobho oqinile futhi olingana kahleKukhona futhi uhlobo olungavamile lwezinwele ezinde, oludinga ukunakwa okuncane kokuzilungisa.
Ngokuqondene nezilinganiso, imithombo yereferensi ibeka ukuphakama kwabesilisa ku-56-61 cm futhi kwabesifazane ku-54-59 cm; abanye abaqondisi bayakhuluma amadoda aphakathi kuka-51-60 cmIsisindo esijwayelekile sisuka cishe ku-23 kuya ku-32 kg, nesilinganiso esingaba ngu-27 kg kwabesilisa kanye nama-24 kg kwabesifazane. Iminyaka yabo yokuphila ngokuvamile iphakathi kweminyaka eyi-11 neyi-13.
I-Fédération Cynologique Internationale (FCI) ihlukanisa i-Dalmatian kuQembu 6 (ama-hounds nezinye izinhlobo ezihlobene), isigaba sesi-3; izinga layo ngu inombolo 153. Ngokuqondene namakhono ayo, ibonwa njengento eguquguqukayo: inja engumngane enamandla aphawulekayo njengonogada nenja yokuzivikela.
Isimo sengqondo nokuziphatha: kuyahlalisana, kuphile futhi kuphile
Umlingiswa ojwayelekile we-Dalmatian uhlanganisa injabulo, amandla, kanye nokuthintwa kwesihlathi esinobungane. Bayizinja enobungane, edlalayo futhi eqotho, bethambekele ekufuneni ukunakwa emndenini wabo. Uma befuna okuthile, bayokwenza kwaziwe; abanamahloni ncamashi futhi bayakujabulela ukuba phakathi kwezenzo zasekhaya.
Ukuphila kwakhe okwedlule njengenja esebenzayo kubonakala esimweni sakhe sengqondo: angagijima amahora amaningi futhi ahlale njalo uqaphile ukuthi yini ehambayoLapho bebhekene nezisusa, akuvamile ukuba bakhonkothe ukuze “bakhulume” ngalokho abakubonile. Ezimweni zomphakathi, bavame ukuzola futhi balindele, kodwa uma bebona okuthile okungajwayelekile, bazovikela abathandekayo babo.
Bahlangana kahle nabantu: Bathanda inkampani yabantu futhi bakhetha ukuba lapho kunabantu khona. Abawona amakhandidethi afanelekile wokuchitha amahora amaningi eyedwa izinsuku ezimbalwa ngesikhathi. Zijwayele ukuzivumelanisa kahle nokuhlala nezingane, kodwa, njenganoma yiluphi uhlobo, akukhuthazwa ukuba zishiywe zingagadiwe nezingane.
Ngezinye izinja noma amakati, ukuhlalisana kwasekuqaleni kubalulekile. I-Dalmatian eyakhuliswa kusukela ebudlwaneni nezinye izinhlobo zezilwane kanye nemihlahlandlela emihle yesingeniso akufanele abe nezinkinga ngokuhlala ndawonyeNjengenjwayelo, umuntu, ufuzo lwakhe, kanye nolwazi abaluqongelelayo phakathi nenkathi ebucayi kubalulekile.
Impilo: Yini okufanele uyiqaphele ohlotsheni olunezici ezihlukile
Ngokuvamile, i-Dalmatian iyinja enamandla, kodwa inezici zofuzo ezidinga ukunakwa. Okwaziwa kakhulu yi-uric acid metabolism yayo eyingqayizivele: i-predisposition to hyperuricosuria kanye nokwakheka kwamatshe omchamo (urate), okuvame kakhulu kwabesilisa. Ukuze kuncishiswe izingozi, kunconywa ukuphathwa ngendlela efanele kokudla, ukufakwa kwe-hydration okuvamile, nokuhlolwa kwezilwane okuvamile.
Esinye isici esihlobene eduze nalolu hlobo ukungezwani kokuzalwa. Imininingwane ehlukahlukene ikhombisa lokho amaphesenti abalulekile emidlwane Ingane ingazalwa inecala elilodwa noma izinhlangothi zombili. Ukuhlolwa okunconyiwe kwalokhu ukuhlolwa kwe-BAEP/BAER, okuvame ukwenziwa cishe amasonto amahlanu ubudala futhi kuyisibopho kubazali ezinhlelweni ezibucayi zokuzalanisa.
Isikhumba singase siveze i-atopy (i-allergies yemvelo), okuyizimpawu eziyinhloko ukulunywa nokunwaya izilondaKwezinye izimo, ukudla okukhethekile okunqunywe udokotela wezilwane kusiza ukunciphisa ukulunywa. Izinkinga zamehlo kanye nokuphazamiseka okuthile kwemisipha namathambo, njenge-hip dysplasia, nazo zibikiwe futhi kufanele zihlolwe esitokisini sokuzalanisa.
Isifo sokuwa sikhona kulolu hlobo, nakuba sibonakala singavamile kunezinye izimo. Noma kunjalo, ukuhlolwa njalo kwezilwane, ukulawulwa kwezinambuzane kanye nokuqapha kokugoma kuyisiqinisekiso esingcono kakhulu sokuthola noma yiziphi izigameko ngesikhathi nokugcina inja yakho iphilile.
Ukunakekelwa, ukuzivocavoca, nokuqeqeshwa: indlela yokuba neDalmatian elinganiselayo
I-Dalmatian idinga umsebenzi wangempela. Ukuhamba ngezinyawo okufushane kathathu ngosuku akwanele: okufanelekile ukuqinisekisa izikhathi zansuku zonke phakathi Imizuzu engama-30 nengama-60 yokuzivocavoca okuqhubekayo (nokwengeziwe, kuye ngomuntu ngamunye), ukuhlanganisa ukuhamba okusebenzayo, ukugijima okumaphakathi, nokudlala iphunga. Uma engawasebenzisi amandla akhe, angase awadlulisele emikhubeni elimazayo.
Bangabangane abahle kakhulu bemisebenzi yangaphandle: ukubhukuda, ukuhamba ngezinyawo noma ukukhanya kwe-cani-cross Bafanelana nomzimba wabo. Baphinde baphendule kahle kakhulu ekuqeqesheni ukuzingela ngaphandle komzingeli, ukuzilibazisa, noma izifunda zamakhono ezishukumisa ingqondo nomzimba.
Emkhakheni wezemfundo, ukuqinisa okuhle kungukubheja kwakho okuhle kakhulu. Ukuvumelana nokucaca Bakhipha imiphumela ngenja ehlakaniphile futhi ezwelayo njenge-Dalmatian. Ukuhlalisana kubalulekile futhi kunesikhathi esibucayi kuze kube cishe amasonto ayi-13; ukuveza umdlwane ezinto ezihlukahlukene ngendlela elawulwayo nephephile kuwukutshalwa kwezimali impilo yonke.
Izindawo eziningi zivumela amakilasi omdlwane ukuthi aqale ngaphambi kokuqeda uhlelo lokugoma, njalo elandela imithetho eqinile yenhlanzeko kanye nokulawula impilo. Xhumana no udokotela wakho wezilwane ukuhlola isikhathi nezimo ezifanele. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kubalulekile ukusebenzela ukulawula isizungu, ukuhlala uzolile, nokuthuthukisa ukubekezelela ukukhungatheka ukuze ugweme ukukhathazeka noma ukuziphatha okungafunwa.
Ijazi lifushane futhi linongqimba olulodwa, ngakho-ke ukunakekelwa kulula: imivimbo embalwa masonto onke nge igilavu yerabha noma ibhulashi elithambile Lokhu ngokuvamile kwanele. Zilungiselele ukulahleka kwezinwele unyaka wonke, noma kunjalo: Ama-Dalmatians achitha njalo. Izinhlobonhlobo ezinezinwele ezinde zidinga ukuxubha njalo. Engeza ukuhlanzeka kwezindlebe, ukunakekelwa kwamazinyo okuvamile, nokuhlolwa ukuze ugcine isikhumba sisesimweni esihle.
Ukudla kufanele kulungiswe ezingeni lomsebenzi wenja yakho kanye nezici ezithile. Ezinjeni ezine-predisposition to urate crystals, udokotela wakho wezilwane angase ancome ukudla okukhethekile kanye neziqondiso ze-hydrationEzimweni ze-atopy, ezinye izindlela zokwelapha zokwelapha zisiza ngokuluma, njalo ngaphansi kokuqondisa kochwepheshe.
Amaqiniso Asheshayo mayelana Nohlobo
- Ubude nesisindo: Okuphakathi/okukhulu; abesilisa 56-61 cm (eminye imithombo 51-60 cm), abesifazane 54-59 cm; isisindo esijwayelekile 23-32 kg.
- Isikhathi sokuphila: cishe iminyaka engu-11-13 ubudala.
- I-FCI Classification: Iqembu 6, Isigaba 3; Okujwayelekile No. 153.
- amakhono: ubungane, ukuqapha, nokuzivikela; ukukhuthazela okukhulu njengomngane wezemidlalo.
Isiko elidumile, udumo kanye neqiniso
Isiko lesimanje likweleta okuningi kuma-Dalmatians ayi-101 (1961), aguqula lolu hlobo lwaba yinto yomhlaba wonke. Lokhu kuphusha kwabona ama-spikes adingeka kakhulu-futhi nezinguqulo zesimanje-ikakhulukazi emazweni lapho i-Dalmatian yayingaziwa kakhulu. Kubalulekile ukuthi ungathwalwa yi- isithombe sefilimuI-Dalmatian ehamba phambili yomndeni wakho ileyo enamandla, isimo sengqondo, nezidingo ezihambisana nempilo yakho yansuku zonke.
Impela ngenxa yaleli gama, abalimi abanomthwalo wemfanelo baphikelela ekuhlolweni kwezempilo (njenge-BAER) kanye nokweluleka imindeni ngokuzivocavoca, ukuhlalisana kwabantu, kanye nokulindelwe okungokoqobo. Ukukhetha umfuyi ofanele noma ucabangela ukutholwa emabhizinisini awaziyo uhlobo kusiza ukuqinisekisa ukuhambisana kanye nokuphila kahle kwesikhathi eside.
Ngemva kokubuyekeza ithiyori, imibhalo yomlando, umsebenzi osebenzayo nokunakekelwa, kuyacaca ukuthi iDalmatian ingaphezu kwejazi le-polka: umsubathi wezenhlalo nozwela, nenkathi edlule exhunywe kumahhashi nezinsimbi zomlilo, impilo enemininingwane edinga ukubhekwa kanye nendaba yemvelaphi esikisela njengoba iyinkimbinkimbi, lapho iCroatia, iNgilandi kanye neMedithera zithi ingxenye yendaba.