Izimpungushe

ESpain kunezinhlobo ezimbili zezimpungushe ezitholakala endle: impungushe ebomvu (Vulpes vulpes) kanye ne-arctic fox (Alopex lagopus). Impungushe ebomvu iyinhlobo evame kakhulu eSpain, kokubili emaphandleni nasemapaki asemadolobheni. Lezi zilwane zinobukhulu obuphakathi, ubude bomzimba phakathi kuka-50 no-70 cm nesisindo esiphakathi kuka-3 no-7 kg. Uboya bazo ngokuvamile bumpunga ngokumnyama obunamabala amhlophe, ansundu, noma amnyama. Abesilisa bavamise ukuba makhudlwana kunabesifazane. Lezi zilwane ziyi-omnivorous, zidla ikakhulukazi izithelo, izinambuzane, amaqanda ezinyoni, nezilwane ezincane ezinomgogodla.

I-arctic fox iyi-subspecies yempungushe ebomvu etholakala ikakhulukazi enyakatho yeYurophu nase-Asia. Ijwayela ukuhlala ezindaweni ezibandayo ezinokushisa okubandayo isikhathi eside. Uboya bayo bumhlophe phakathi nezinyanga zasebusika ukuze buhlangane kangcono neqhwa; nokho, phakathi nezinyanga ezifudumele kuvame ukuba mpunga obumnyama namabala amhlophe noma amnyama. Njengempungushe ebomvu, le subspecies nayo idla ikakhulukazi izithelo nezinambuzane; nokho, ngokungafani nakuqala, bangaphila isikhathi eside ngaphandle kokuphuza amanzi ngenxa yokudla kwabo okunomswakama.

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Izimpungushe ziyizilwane ezihehayo nezihlakaniphe kakhulu, yingakho abantu abaningi bezibheka njengezilwane ezifuywayo ezifanele. Lezi zilwane zinobuntu obuyingqayizivele futhi zingaba nothando olukhulu kubanikazi bazo. Nakuba kunezinto ezimbalwa okufanele uzicabangele ngaphambi kokuthatha impungushe efuywayo, lokhu kuyinto emangalisayo kulabo abazimisele ukuzinikela ekunakekeleni lesi sidalwa esikhangayo.

Izimpungushe ziyizidalwa zomphakathi futhi zidinga inkampani yomuntu ukuze zizizwe zijabule futhi zivikelekile. Lokhu kusho ukuthi uzodinga ukuchitha isikhathi esiningi nempungushe yakho ukuze uyigcine ijabule futhi inempilo. Uma unquma ukuthatha impungushe, kubalulekile ukuqonda ukuziphatha kwayo kwemvelo ukuze ukwazi ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zayo eziyisisekelo ngokwanele. Izimpungushe zingabazingeli abazingela zodwa ngokwemvelo, ngakho ukuzigcina zingamaqembu noma ukuzivalela ezindaweni ezincane isikhathi eside akunconywa.

Futhi, izimpungushe zidinga ukuvivinya umzimba okuningi kwansuku zonke ukuze uhlale unempilo futhi ujabule. Badinga indawo eyanele ukuze bagijime bengaphandle ngaphandle kwemingcele noma imingcele ebekwe umuntu. Ngakho-ke, uma unquma ukuthatha impungushe njengesilwane esifuywayo, kufanele ulungele ukuyinikeza inkululeko eyanele egcekeni lakho noma engadini yangasese lapho ingagijima khona mahhala ngaphandle kwengozi. Futhi, udinga ukwenza isiqiniseko sokuthi ubahlinzeka ngokudla okunomsoco namanzi ahlanzekile nsuku zonke ukuze uqinisekise impilo yabo yonke enhle.

Okokugcina, kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuthi izimpungushe akuzona izilwane zasekhaya zendabuko; ngakho-ke ngeke basabele kahle ekuqeqeshweni okuvamile noma ukuqeqeshwa okusetshenziswa nezinye izilwane ezifuywayo ezincane ezivamile njengamakati asekhaya noma izinja. Ngakho-ke, uma uthatha isinqumo sokwamukela impungushe njengesilwane esifuywayo, kufanele uzilungiselele ngokwengqondo ukuyiphatha ngesineke nangenhlonipho, ngoba lesi silwane sinemithetho yaso mayelana nendlela esifuna ukuphathwa ngayo ngabanikazi baso.

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Izimpungushe zasogwadule ziyizinhlobo ezincane zempungushe ezitholakala ezindaweni eziwugwadule nasezindaweni ezomile eNyakatho Melika, entshonalanga ye-Asia, nasenyakatho ye-Afrika. Lezi zilwane zifana ngokubukeka nezimpungushe ezivamile, kodwa zinezici ezithile ezikhethekile zomzimba ezizenza zijwayele ukuphila endaweni yazo. Izimpungushe zasogwadule zinezindlebe ezinkulu, ezicijile ukuze zizisize zikhiphe ukushisa, kanye nemilenze emifushane ukuvimbela ukulahlekelwa kwamanzi ngokweqile. Uboya bazo ngokuvamile bumpunga noma bunsundu ngezimpawu ezimhlophe noma eziphuzi, okubasiza ukuthi bahlangane nendawo ezizungezile.

Izimpungushe zasogwadule ziyadla, zidla ikakhulukazi izinambuzane, amagundane amancane, ngisho nezilwane ezihuquzelayo. Zijwayelane kahle ukuze ziphile ezimweni ezomile kakhulu; Zingahlala izinsuku eziyishumi ngaphandle kwamanzi uma zikwazi ukudla njalo. Futhi bangabazingeli abahle kakhulu basebusuku ngenxa yezinzwa zabo ezithuthuke kakhulu; zinikezwe amandla okubona kahle ngendlela engavamile, inzwa yokuhogela ebukhali, nokuzwa okubukhali ukuze zithole isisulu sazo ngisho nalapho sicashe ngaphansi kwesihlabathi.

Izimpungushe zasogwadule zihlala zodwa ngokwemvelo futhi ngokuvamile zihlangana kuphela ngesikhathi sokuzalanisa phakathi kukaFebhuwari noMeyi. Ngalesi sikhathi, abesilisa baqhudelana ngabesifazane ngokusebenzisa imibukiso eyenziwe ngokwesiko njengokukhonkotha kakhulu kanye nokuphana izipho ezidliwayo nabo. Amaduna akha imigodi embiwe yajula ukuze azivikele ekushiseni okukhulu emini kuyilapho ezinsikazi ziphephela emigedeni yemvelo noma emigodini ehlaselwe ezinye izilwane.

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Izimpungushe ze-Fennec zinhlobo ze-arctic fox ezitholakala eNyakatho Afrika nasehlane laseSahara. Ziyizimpungushe ezincane kunazo zonke emhlabeni, ezinobude bomzimba obuphakathi kuka-24 no-41 cm, nesisindo esiphakathi kuka-0,7 no-1,5 kg. Uboya bazo buthambile futhi buminyene ukusiza ukugcina izinga lokushisa lomzimba phakathi nobusika obubandayo basogwadule. Ijazi ngokuvamile limpunga ngokumnyama elinezimpawu ezimhlophe ekhanda, entanyeni, nasemilenzeni yangemuva. Izindlebe zazo zikhulu uma ziqhathaniswa nobukhulu bemizimba yazo ukuze zisize ekuqedeni ukushisa okukhulu okuvela elangeni elishisayo lasogwadule.

Izimpungushe ze-Fennec zihamba ebusuku futhi zingabonakala ngisho nasemini lapho ukudla kutholakala. Zidla ngokuyinhloko izinambuzane ezifana nezinyendle, amabhungane namaphela; kodwa futhi adla izithelo, imifino yasendle, ngisho nenyama efile lapho ikhona. Zijwayelane kahle ukuze ziphile ezimweni ezomile kakhulu; bangaphila ngaphandle kwamanzi amasonto ngesikhathi bephuza kuphela amanzi aqukethwe inyamazane yabo noma izitshalo zasendle abazithola endleleni yabo.

Izimpungushe ze-Fennec izilwane zomphakathi ezihlangana ngamaqembu emindeni ahlanganisa iduna elibusayo, izinsikazi eziningana ezizalayo, kanye nentsha yazo esanda kuzalwa. Basungula izindawo okwabelwana ngazo lapho bevikela khona ngokumelene namanye amaqembu ayizimbangi besebenzisa iphimbo eliyisici elifana namagxolo ajulile noma ukuklewula okuphezulu ukumaka imingcele yabo yendawo. Amaduna abusayo nawo asebenzisa iphimbo ukuze ahehe ezinsikazi ezizalayo ngesikhathi sokukhwelana phakathi kukaFebhuwari no-April unyaka ngamunye.

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Izimpungushe zingomunye wemindeni ehlukahlukene futhi ehlukahlukene yezilwane ezincelisayo. Lezi zilwane zitholakala emhlabeni wonke, kusukela e-Arctic kuya ePatagonia. Kunezinhlobo ezingaba ngu-37 ezihlukene zezimpungushe, ezihlukaniswe ngamaqembu amabili amakhulu: izimpungushe zangempela nezimpungushe. Owokuqala uhlanganisa izimpungushe ezimpunga, ezibomvu, ze-arctic, nezingama-vulpini; kuyilapho lezi zamuva zihlanganisa izimpungushe zasogwadule, squeal, macrotis kanye bengal.

Izimpungushe zangempela ziyizilwane ezidla inyama ezincane ezinemizimba emincane nemilenze emide. Uboya bayo buyahlukahluka kuye ngokuthi hlobo luni; abanye banoboya obumpunga noma obunsundu ngokukhanyayo obunamabala amnyama noma amhlophe ekhanda noma entanyeni; abanye banoboya obubomvu obujulile obunamabala amnyama noma amhlophe ngemuva komzimba. Zonke zinezindlebe ezicijile, imisila emide ebanzi, kanye nezikhala ezicijile ukuze zizisize zifune ukudla emahlathini.

Izimpungushe zezinsalela zihlanganisa lezo ezihlala ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezomile njenge-Sahara desert noma i-South Asia. Zijwayelwe ukuze ziphile ngamanzi amancane atholakalayo; Zivamise ukuba mancane kunezihlobo zazo zangempela futhi uboya bazo buvamise ukuba nsundu ngokukhanyayo namachashaza amhlophe noma amnyama ahlakazekile emzimbeni wonke. Ezinye izinhlobo zibuye zibe nomugqa omnyama ngemuva ukuze zifihleke kangcono phakathi kwezindunduma zesihlabathi zasogwadule.

Kusekuningi okusazotholwa ngalo mndeni wezilwane othakazelisayo; Nokho, esikwaziyo ukuthi yenziwe ngenani elikhulu lezinhlobonhlobo ezithakazelisayo nezihlaba umxhwele ezizosivumela ukuba sijabulele ubuhle bayo bemvelo kanye nobuhlakani obuguquguqukayo ukuze siphile ezimeni ezinzima kakhulu isikhathi eside.

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Izimpungushe zase-Arctic ziyizinhlobo ezinhle ezincane zempungushe ezihlala e-Arctic. Lezi zilwane zibonakala ngoboya bazo obumhlophe, obuzisiza ukuba zihlangane neqhwa neqhwa endaweni ezizungezile. Izimpungushe zase-Arctic zinomsila omude, owugqinsi, ozivumela ukuba zifudumale ngokuwusonga emizimbeni yazo lapho ziphumule. Lezi zilwane futhi zinezindlebe ezinkulu zokubona inyamazane eqhweni elijulile, kanye nemilenze emincane yokuhamba kalula eqhweni naseqhweni.

Izimpungushe zase-Arctic ziyizilwane ezidla zodwa ezidla ama-lemmings, voles, izinyoni zasolwandle, ngisho nezimvu zamanzi uma zikhona. Bangase futhi badle izithelo zasendle namajikijolo phakathi nezinyanga ezifudumele zonyaka. Lezi zilwane zinomuzwa othuthuke kakhulu wokuhogela ukuze kutholakale inyamazane egqitshwe ngaphansi kweqhwa noma ifihlwe emigodini engaphansi kweqhwa.

Phakathi nezinyanga ezibandayo zasebusika, izimpungushe zase-arctic zichitha isikhathi esiningi zimba imigodi ngaphansi kweqhwa ukuze zizivikele emakhazeni ashubisa umnkantsha. Ngalesi sikhathi sokulala, awasebenzi kangako kodwa asafuna ukudla uma kukhona okwanele. Amaduna amadala ngokuvamile ahlala yodwa unyaka wonke, kuyilapho ezinsikazi zakha amapheya ahlala isikhathi eside namanye amaduna ehlobo ukuze zizalele ndawonye ngaphambi kokuhlukana ngemva kokuba isikhathi sokuzala sesiphelile.

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Izimpungushe ziyizilwane ezikwazi ukwenza izinto ezihlukahlukene nezivumelana nezimo, okuzivumela ukuba zihlale ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene. Zingatholakala cishe kuwo wonke amazwekazi ngaphandle kwe-Antarctica. Izimpungushe zihlala ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene, kusukela emahlathini kuya ezindaweni ezinotshani kuya ogwadule. Zikuhlomele kahle ukusinda emazingeni okushisa aphezulu futhi zingabhukuda kalula.

Izimpungushe zijwayelana nendawo ezikuyo ngokwakha imigodi noma izindawo zokukhosela ngaphansi komhlaba ukuze zizivikele ekushiseni noma kubanda kakhulu. Le migodi isebenza njengendawo ephephile yokukhulisa intsha. Izimpungushe zakha futhi imihume eduze kwezihlahla eziwile noma amadwala amakhulu, lapho zingakhosela khona lapho zikhathele noma zilele emini.

Izimpungushe zingabazingeli basebusuku ngokwemvelo futhi zichitha ingxenye enkulu yosuku ziphumule noma zicinga ukudla ebusuku. Ngesikhathi sokukhwelana, abesilisa bafuna indawo efanelekile ukuze bahehe abesifazane futhi bavikeleke kwamanye amaduna aqhudelanayo. Lapho esetholakele umngane womshado ofanelekayo, bobabili bazohlala ndawonye sonke isikhathi sokuzalanisa kuze kube yilapho amaphuphu esekhule ngokwanele ukuba azihambele ayozingela ukudla.

Funda ngaphezulu

Izimpungushe ziyizidalwa ezidla inyama yonke, okusho ukuthi zidla izinhlobonhlobo zokudla. Ukudla kwazo kuncike kakhulu endaweni ezikuyo kanye nokutholakala kokudla. Ngokuvamile, izimpungushe zidla ikakhulukazi izilwane ezincane ezincelisayo, izinyoni, amaqanda, izithelo nemifino. Lokhu kuhlanganisa amagundane, onogwaja, onogwaja, izingwejeje, nezinye izilwane ezincane. Zibuye zidle izinambuzane ezifana nonyendle nezikelemu. Izithelo nemifino kuyingxenye ebalulekile yokudla kwakho ezindaweni eziningi zomhlaba. Lokhu kuhlanganisa amajikijolo asendle njengamajikijolo aluhlaza noma ama-raspberries; ifa; nezilimo eziyizigaxa; ama-strawberries; amapentshisi; ama-apula; ama-walnuts; ama-cherries asendle ngisho namakhambi asendle adliwayo. Izimpungushe zingase futhi zifune ukudla okufile ukuze zihlangabezane nezidingo zazo zokudla uma inyamazane ingekho noma uma igula noma ilimele. Zibuye zibonakale ngezinye izikhathi zeba amaqanda ezinkukhu noma kwezinye izilwane ezifuywayo lapho zilambile noma zifisa ukutholela amaphuphu azo ukudla.

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Izimpungushe umndeni wezilwane ezincelisayo ezidlayo ezingaphansi komndeni wakwaCaninae. Asakazwa kabanzi emhlabeni wonke, kusukela emahlathini aseNyakatho Melika kuya ogwadule oluseningizimu ye-Afrika. Izimpungushe zinomzimba omude onemilenze emifushane namadlebe acijile. Imibala yazo iyahlukahluka kuye ngezinhlobo zezilwane, kodwa ngokuvamile insundu noma impunga kanye nokumaka okumnyama noma okumhlophe. Izimpungushe eziningi zinomsila omude, onoboya obizwa ngokuthi "umsila wempungushe."

Izimpungushe ziyizilwane ezihlala zodwa futhi ezihlala zodwa ezidla izinambuzane, izilwane ezincane ezincelisayo, amaqanda nezithelo. Kungaba futhi izilwane ezingosomathuba ezizodla ingcuba uma ikhona. Izimpungushe zixhumana zodwa zisebenzisa iphimbo eliphakeme kanye nezwi elingenamsindo ukuveza imizwelo enjengokwesaba, intukuthelo, noma uthando.

Izimpungushe beziyingxenye ebalulekile yamasiko amaningi izinkulungwane zeminyaka ngenxa yobuhlakani bawo bemvelo nobuqili. Bahlotshaniswa nobuqili ezinganekwaneni eziningi zasendulo nezinganekwane, okuye kwaba nengxenye ekudumeni kwabo kwesimanje njengezilwane ezifuywayo zasendlini kwamanye amazwe aseNtshonalanga.

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