Eminyakeni yamuva nje, kuye kwaba nelukuluku elikhulayo lokuthi izilwane zingase zibe ne-Down syndrome, isimo sofuzo esivame ukuhlotshaniswa nabantu. Lo mbuzo udale izimpikiswano kanye nezifundo emphakathini wesayensi nowezilwane. Ngalesi sihloko, sizokhuluma nge izinganekwane namaqiniso ebukhoneni nasekubonakalisweni kwe-Down syndrome ezilwaneni, ukuhlolisisa izici ezihlukahlukene ezisukela kusisekelo sofuzo kuya ekuchazeni ukuziphatha okuthile nokuvela ezinhlobonhlobo zezilwane.
Iyini i-Down syndrome?
El IDown's Syndrome Kuyisimo sofuzo esenzeka kubantu ngenxa yokuba khona kwekhophi eyengeziwe ye-chromosome 21. Lokhu kuguqulwa kofuzo kubangela umehluko ekukhuleni komzimba, kwengqondo, nokuziphatha. Abantu abane-Down syndrome bangase babonise izici zobuso ezihlukile, ukuncipha kwethoni yemisipha, nokulibaziseka kokukhula, phakathi kwezinye izimpawu.
Emhlabeni we isilwane, ukuphazamiseka kwe-chromosomal akufundwa kancane ngokujula ngenxa yenani elihlukahlukene lezinhlobo zezinto eziphilayo kanye nokuba yinkimbinkimbi kwamagenome azo. Nokho, ukuze uqonde ukuthi kungenzeka yini ukuthi izilwane zibe ne-Down syndrome, kubalulekile ukuqonda lesi simo ngokombono womuntu.
I-Genetics kanye nomehluko we-chromosomal ezilwaneni
Izinto eziphilayo, kuhlanganise nezilwane, zinezinombolo ezihlukene zama-chromosome. Isibonelo, abantu banamapheya angama-23, kuyilapho izinja zinama-39 namakati ana-19. Lokhu kusho ukuthi uma isilwane sinokuthile okungavamile kwe-chromosomal, angeke kubekwe ngokuqinile esigabeni esithi "Down syndrome" ngoba Awabelani ngesakhiwo se-chromosome esifanayo kunabantu. Kodwa-ke, amanye ama-trisomies noma ukuguqulwa kofuzo kungase kwenzeke okuthinta ukuziphatha nezici zomzimba zezilwane.
Kwezinye izifundo, izibonelo zezilwane ezinama-trisomies athile ziye zabonwa ngephutha, kodwa njengoba zingahambelani ne-trisomy 21 kubantu, azikwazi ukubhekwa njengezifo ze-Down syndrome ngendlela efanayo nabantu.
Izinganekwane ezivamile nokungaqondi kahle
Kuningi izinganekwane nokungaqondi mayelana nomqondo wokuthi izilwane zingaba ne-Down syndrome. Okunye okuvame kakhulu ukuchazwa kwezici ezithile zomzimba noma zokuziphatha ezilwaneni njengophawu lwalesi simo. Ezinye izibonelo zihlanganisa:
- Amabhubesi anobuso obucaba kanye nezici zobuso.
- Izinja ezinokuziphatha okunensayo noma ezingakwazi ukufunda.
- Amakati anokubukeka okuyingqayizivele kanye nokushesha okuncane.
Kubalulekile ukusho ukuthi lezi zici zingabangelwa izici ezihlukahlukene, kuhlanganise izakhi zofuzo ehlukile ku-trisomy 21, izinkinga zempilo, noma ukuhluka nje kwemvelo ngaphakathi kohlobo ngalunye.
Amacala abhaliwe kanye nezifundo zesayensi
Kunemibiko ethile i-anecdotal mayelana nezilwane okuthiwa zinesimo esifana ne-Down syndrome, njengendaba ka-"Kenny the White Tiger", eyaziwa ngokubukeka kwayo okungavamile. Nakuba lezi zimo zidonsa ukunaka okuningi kwabezindaba, kubalulekile ukugcina umbono obucayi futhi uthintane nezincwadi zesayensi.
I-Los izifundo zesayensi ekushintsheni kwe-chromosomal ezilwaneni kulinganiselwe kodwa kuveza ukuthi, nakuba izilwane zingaba nama-trisomies noma ezinye izinguquko zofuzo, lezi azilingani nesifo se-Down syndrome. Ososayensi basebenzisa izibonelo zalokhu okungahambi kahle ukuze bafunde ngezakhi zofuzo nokuziphendukela kwemvelo, kodwa i-Down syndrome ngayinye ihlukile kubantu.
Izimo ezifanayo ezilwaneni
Nakuba izilwane zingakwazi ukuba ne-Down syndrome ngomqondo oqinile waleli gama, zingase ziphathwe ezinye izimo zofuzo okuholela ezicini ezihlukile zomzimba nezokuziphatha. Ezinye zazo zihlanganisa:
- I-Trisomies ngaphandle kwe-chromosome yomuntu 21.
- Ukuguqulwa okuqondile okuthinta ukuhamba nokufunda.
- Izinkinga zokuthuthuka ngenxa yemvelo noma izici zofuzo.
Lezi zimo zinganikeza imininingwane ebalulekile yokuthi ukuguqulwa kofuzo kuzithinta kanjani izinto eziphilayo futhi zinganikeza ulwazi oluwusizo ukuze uqonde kangcono imithelela ye-Down syndrome kubantu.
Imithelela kanye nokunakekelwa kwezilwane
Kubanikazi bezilwane ezifuywayo kanye *nabathanda imvelo*, kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuthi ngisho noma izilwane zakho zibonisa ukuziphatha okungajwayelekile noma izici zomzimba, lokhu akusho ngempela ukuthi zinesimo esifana neso IDown's Syndrome. Nokho, lezo zilwane zingase zidinge ukunakekelwa nokunakwa okwengeziwe.
I-Los odokotela bezilwane futhi ochwepheshe bezilwane banganikeza ukuxilonga okunembile kanye nezinhlelo zokwelashwa ezifanele ukubhekana nanoma yiziphi izinkinga zezempilo izilwane ezifuywayo ezinezinguquko zofuzo ezingase zibe khona. Ukuqonda nokunakekelwa okufanele kungathuthukisa kakhulu izinga lempilo yalezi zilwane.
Kafushane, nakuba kuyinkolelo evamile yokuthi izilwane zingaba ne-Down syndrome, iqiniso lofuzo lisibonisa ukuthi akunakwenzeka. Kodwa-ke, ukuguqulwa kwe-chromosomal kanye nezakhi zofuzo ezilwaneni kunikeza indawo yocwaningo ethokozisayo eqhubeka nokuhlinzeka ngemininingwane ebalulekile kukho kokubili izakhi zofuzo zezilwane nezomuntu.