I-Ice Age: Izilwane kanye ne-Ecosystems
I-Ice Age, noma I-Ice Age, igama elivame ukusetshenziselwa ukukhuluma ngezikhathi zomlando womhlaba lapho izingxenye ezinkulu zomhlaba zazimbozwe yiqhwa eliwuqhwa. Izikhathi eziyinhloko ezaziwayo zeqhwa zenzeka phakathi neminyaka eyizigidi ezimbili edlule. Lezi zikhathi bezilokhu ziyisisekelo ekwakhekeni kwezindawo kanye nasekuguqukeni kwezinhlobo eziningi zezilwane. Ukuqonda izilwane kanye nemvelo yalesi sikhathi akusivumeli nje kuphela ukuthi sifunde okwengeziwe mayelana nesikhathi esidlule seplanethi yethu, kodwa futhi funda okuningi mayelana ne eziphilayo yamanje kanye nekusasa layo okungenzeka.
I-Ice Age Climate kanye ne-Ecosystems
Ngesikhathi se-Ice Age, isimo sezulu soMhlaba sasibanda ngendlela engavamile, amazinga okushisa angaphansi kakhulu kunawanamuhla. Izinguzunga zeqhwa zanweba ulimi lwazo lweqhwa kusukela ezigxotsheni kuya ezindaweni eziphansi, zashintsha indawo futhi zaphoqelela izinhlobo zezilwane ukuba zivumelane nezimo noma zinyamalale. Okuyinhloko izimiso zemvelo Zazakhiwe ama-tundra nama-steppes, anezinhlobo ezihlukahlukene nezimelana nezimila ezimelana nezimo ezimbi kakhulu.
Ama-Tundra ayeyizindawo ezibuswa inhlabathi eyiqhwa kanye nesithwathwa, esinciphisa ukukhula kwezihlahla futhi ethanda uhlaza oluphansi olufana nolele nezihlahla. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, amathafa ayengamathafa angenamithi, embozwe kakhulu amakhambi nezihlahla ezimelana namazinga okushisa aphansi. I-megafauna, eyayihlanganisa izilwane ezincelisayo ezifana ne-mastodon kanye nobhejane onoboya, *bazivumelanisa* kahle nalezi zimo ezinzima.
Izilwane Ezifanekisela I-Ice Age
I-Ice Age yayiyikhaya lezidalwa ezihlaba umxhwele esizazi namuhla ikakhulukazi ngezinsalela zamathambo nokwakhiwa kabusha kwe-paleontological. Phakathi kwezilwane eziyizifanekiselo kakhulu zale nkathi yilezi:
- I-Woolly Mammoth: Lesi sidondoshiya esidla uhlaza mhlawumbe siyisakhiwo sodumo se-Ice Age. Yayinezinwele eziwugqinsi, izimpondo ezigobile futhi yayifana kakhulu nezindlovu zase-Afrika zanamuhla.
- I-Sabertooth Saber (Smilodon): La makati amakhulu, adume ngamazinyo awo amade, abukhali, ayengabazingeli abahle kakhulu futhi edla ikakhulukazi izilwane ezincelisayo ezinkulu.
- I-Megatherium: Ibheja elikhulu lomhlaba elingafinyelela kumamitha ayisithupha ubude.
- I-Woolly Rhinoceros: Lesi silwane esikhulu esidla uhlaza sasinoboya obuningi bokuzivikela emakhazeni amakhulu.
Ukuzijwayeza kokuziphendukela kwemvelo kuzimo ezidlulele
Izimo ezimbi kakhulu ze-Ice Age zazidinga ukuthi izilwane zithuthukise ukujwayela okukhethekile ukuze ziphile. Izinhlobo ezingakwazi ukujwayela imizimba yazo noma ukuziphatha kwazo zibhekane nokushabalala. Izinhlobo ezahlukahlukene ze-evolution zihlanganisa:
- Ijazi eliminyene: Izilwane eziningi, njenge-woolly mammoth nobhejane onoboya, zakha ijazi loboya obuwugqinsi ukuze zizivikele emakhazeni amakhulu.
- Isitoreji samafutha: Ukwakhiwa kwezingqimba eziwugqinsi zamafutha kwakuvamile ezilwaneni eziningi ukuze zikwazi ukufudumala futhi zibe indawo yokugcina amandla phakathi nezinyanga ezibandayo.
- Iphethini Yokuthutha: Izilwane ezinkulu ezidla uhlaza zazifuduka ngezikhathi ezithile ukuze zisebenzise ukudla okungcono kakhulu nezimo zezulu, zilandela amaphethini asungulwe izinkulungwane zeminyaka zokuziphendukela kwemvelo.
Amaketanga Okudla Nokudla
Ukudla ngesikhathi se-Ice Age kwakuyinselele ngenxa izimo zezulu ngokwedlulele. Izilwane kwadingeka ziqhudelane kanzima ngezinsiza ezitholakalayo. I Amaketanga e-Trophic Ngaleso sikhathi zaziyinkimbinkimbi futhi ezinye zazinakekelwa kuphela ukulinganisela okuthambile okwakusekela izinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo ezitholakala ezindaweni ezishisayo.
Izilwane ezidla uhlaza ezinkulu, njengezilwane ezinkulukazi, izinyathi, nobhejane onoboya, zazivame ukuklaba emathafeni nasezintabeni lapho kwakutholakala khona utshani nezihlahla ezincane. Izilwane ezizingelayo, njenge-Smilodon namabhere asemhumeni, zidla ikakhulukazi lezi zilwane ezinkulu ezidla uhlaza. Kwakukhona nezilwane ezidla ezinye ezizingela izilwane ezincane ezincelisayo nezinyoni.
Umthelela Wokuphela Kwe-Ice Age on Wildlife
Ukuphela kwe-Ice Age, cishe eminyakeni eyi-10,000 edlule, kwaletha enkulu kakhulu ushintsho lwesimo sezulu lokho kwaba nomthelela omkhulu ezilwaneni ezibanzi nezinhlobonhlobo. Ukunyamalala kwezinguzunga zeqhwa nokwenyuka kwamazinga okushisa okwalandela kwaholela ekuguqulweni kwezindawo zokuhlala, kwehliswa izindawo ezingama-tundra namaqele ezazibalulekile ezilwaneni eziningi.
Ngenxa yalokho, izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene ze-megafauna, ezingakwazi ukuzivumelanisa ngokushesha nezimo ezintsha, zaqala ukunyamalala. I-woolly mammoth kanye nobhejane onoboya yizibonelo ezimbili ezidabukisayo zezilwane ezishabalala ngenxa yoshintsho olukhulu esimweni sezulu nesimo sezwe. Okwenezela kulezi zici zemvelo kwakuyimisebenzi yabantu yakudala, nayo eyaba nengxenye ekuqothulweni kwezinhlobo ezithile zezilwane ngokuzingela.
Okutholakele Kwakamuva kanye Okutholakele
Izifundo ze-paleontological ziyaqhubeka nokusinikeza ulwazi olubalulekile mayelana ne-Ice Age kanye nempilo eyayichuma ngalezo zikhathi. Intuthuko kubuchwepheshe obufana nokujola kwekhabhoni kanye nezindlela zasendulo ze-DNA zenze ukuba kube nokunembe kakhudlwana ukucushwa kabusha kwalezi zidalwa zakudala kanye ne-ecosystem.
Muva nje, kuye kwatholwa izinto ezibalulekile, njengokungcwatshwa cishe okuphelele kwama-mammoth eSiberia nasezifundeni zaseNyakatho Melika, ezigcinwe endaweni eyiqhwa. Lokhu okutholakele akusinikezeli nje kuphela imininingwane enemininingwane ye-anatomical kodwa futhi nedatha yokudla nezifo zabo. Ukwengeza, abanye ososayensi bahlola ukuthi kungenzeka yini ukuvuselela izinhlobo ezithile ezishabalala ngokusebenzisa ubunjiniyela bezakhi zofuzo, nakuba lo mkhakha usesezigabeni zokuqala zocwaningo.