Ubuwazi ukuthi kunohlobo lwepenguin olubukeka sengathi luphuma ngqo ku-movie ye-rock 'n' roll ngenxa yohlaka lwalo oluhlukile lwezimpaphe eziphuzi? I-macaroni penguin, nokubukeka kwayo okungaqondakali kanye negama elithakazelisayo, ingenye yezakhamuzi ezithakazelisa kakhulu emanzini abandayo angaphansi kwe-subantarctic. Lesi sihloko sikumema ukuba uhlole umhlaba othakazelisayo wale nyoni engavamile, uthole izici zayo ezingavamile, imikhuba, nezinselele ebhekana nazo endaweni yayo yemvelo.
Uma uke wazibuza ukuthi kungani ibizwa ngokuthi "i-macaroni" noma yini eyenza lolu hlobo lwezilwane lukhetheke kakhulu uma luqhathaniswa namanye amaphengwini, uzothola izimpendulo eziphelele nokunye okuningi lapha. Ake sihlole imininingwane ethakazelisa kakhulu nengaziwa kangako nge-macaroni penguin, kusukela ekuziphatheni kwayo komphakathi kuya ekudleni kwayo, okuhlanganisa umlando wayo nezinsongo.
Ukubukeka komzimba nezici zokuhlonza
I-macaroni penguin, igama layo lesayensi ngu I-Eudyptes chrysolophus, ibonakala kalula ngocwephe olusawolintshi noma oluphuzi oluthwesa ikhanda layo. Le crest ehlukile iyayihlukanisa kwamanye amaphengwini futhi iwunikeza lowo moya "i-punk" kuhle futhi kuyaxaka. Izimpaphe zomzimba wayo zimnyama ezindaweni ezingaphezulu futhi zimhlophe esiswini, zilandela iphethini yakudala yezinhlobo eziningi zamaphengwini.
Mayelana nosayizi, Lamaphengwini awagqami ngokuba ngomkhulu kunawo wonke. Umuntu omdala ukala cishe amasentimitha angu-70 ubude futhi unesisindo esingamakhilogremu angu-5,5, nakuba kukhona ukuhlukahluka kuye ngesimo somzimba wakhe kanye nesikhathi sonyaka. Umehluko phakathi kwabesilisa nabesifazane mncane—ayikho i-dimorphism yobulili—yize kunokuthambekela okuncane kokuthi abesifazane babe bancane futhi, ngokusho kocwaningo oluthile, babe nolaka.
Umbala we-crest ungenye yezinto ezimangalisa kakhulu. Lezi zimpaphe eziphuzi zivela phakathi nesiphongo futhi ziwele emaceleni ekhanda, zihluke kakhulu nesizinda esimnyama futhi zinikeze ukubukeka okukhumbuza izinwele zezinwele eziwubukhazikhazi.
Unyaka ngamunye, amapenguin ama-macaroni ancibilika ngokuphelele, ewashiya ebukeka elele amasonto ambalwa, lapho engakwazi ukubhukuda noma ukudla, njengoba angalahlekelwa ukushisa komzimba ngaphandle kwezimpaphe zawo ezingangeni manzi, ezivikelayo.
Ukusabalalisa, indawo yokuhlala kanye nokufuduka
I-macaroni penguin iwuhlobo olujwayelene kakhulu nesimo sezulu esibandayo. Indawo esatshalaliswa ngayo ihlanganisa ikakhulukazi unqenqema lwe-Antarctica kanye neziqhingi eziningi ezingaphansi kwe-subantarctic eningizimu nenkabazwe, ikakhulukazi lezo ezitholakala olwandle i-Atlantic kanye ne-Indian Ocean. Atholakala ezindaweni ezifana neFalkland Islands, South Georgia, South Sandwich Islands, South Orkney Islands, South Shetland Islands, Crozet, Kerguelen, Heard Island, McDonald Islands, Bouvet Island, futhi kuze kufike eningizimu e-Argentina naseChile.
Lawa maphengwini avame ukuhlala futhi akhe amakoloni emaweni amakhulu kanye nasemithambekeni enamatshe eduze nolwandle, lapho evikeleke kakhulu ezilwaneni ezidla ezinye ezihlala emhlabeni. Kuvamile ukuthola amakoloni anabantu abangaba yizigidi ezingu-2,5 behlala ndawonye kula mazwe ampofu., ukudala umsindo ohlaba umxhwele ngempela nezindawo ezibukwayo zanoma yisiphi isivakashi.
Phakathi nenkathi yokuzalanisa, ehluka ngokuya ngendawo, i-macaroni ihlala ithembekile kumakoloni abo, kodwa ngaphandle kwalesi sikhathi, Bafuduka beyofuna ukudla, bedabula ubude nobubanzi bolwandle. Zingahamba amakhilomitha angamakhulu ngonyaka, futhi nakuba ngokuvamile zibuyela endaweni eyodwa ukuze zizalele, indawo yazo ngaphandle kwenkathi yokuzalanisa iyashintsha kakhulu.
Ukuziphatha komphakathi kanye nempilo ekoloni
Ama-penguin ama-Macaroni ayizinyoni ezithanda ukuhlangana futhi ezinobudlelwane. Bahlala ezindaweni eziminyene, eziphithizelayo, lapho ukuxhumana ngokuphimisela nokuma kubalulekile ukuze kugcinwe ukuhleleka nokuqaphela abangane bomshado nenzalo yabo.
Ngesikhathi sokuzala, Ukwethembeka nobungane ngokuvamile kuyinsakavukela. Bakha amapheya azinzile abelana ngemisebenzi yokufukamela kanye nokunakekela amatshwele, ashintshana ngendlela ehlelekile nephumelelayo. Lokhu kubambisana kubalulekile, njengoba isimo sezulu sibi kakhulu futhi usongo lwezilwane ezidla ezinye alukho.
Uma abantu abasha beshiya ukunakekelwa kwabazali, bavame ukuhlangana ndawonye ngokweminyaka., bakha “amakilabhu amancane epenguin” lapho ehlangana khona futhi eqhudelana ukuze afunde amakhono okusinda.
Nakuba lolu hlobo ngokuvamile lunolaka oluncane kunamanye ama-penguin akhiwe, Kunokuziphatha okuthile kokuncintisana nokuzivikela, ikakhulukazi phakathi kwabesifazane, okungaholela ezimpini ezishubile zokuthi abesilisa banake. noma izinsiza ngaphakathi kwekoloni.
Ukudla kanye nemikhuba yokuzingela
I-macaroni penguin iyisilwane esizingelayo esisebenza kahle, esijwayele ukudoba emanzini abandayo. Ukudla kwawo kusekelwe ikakhulukazi kuma-krill, ama-crustaceans amancane atholakala ngobuningi emanzini ayiziyingi zase-Antarctic. Nokho, ziphinde zibambe izinhlanzi ezincane, izingwane nezinye izilwane zasolwandle ezingenamgogodla uma ithuba livuma.
Zizingela ngamaqembu, zitshuza ngesivinini esikhulu nangokujula. Bangababhukudi abahle kakhulu, abakwazi ukutshuza imizuzu embalwa futhi bafinyelele ekujuleni okungaphezu kwamamitha angama-50. nakuba ngokuvamile benza kanjalo emanzini angashoni.
Lawa maphengwini anombono ohlukile ojanyiswe nezimo zokukhanya okuphansi, okubavumela ukuthi bazingele ngisho nasebusuku lapho ezinye zezilwane zabo zifinyeleleka kalula. Ijubane nokushesha kwabo ngaphansi kwamanzi kuzinikeza ithuba elicacile lokudlula inyamazane yazo. futhi iwavumela ukuba aphile endaweni lapho ukudla kungase kube yindlala ngezigaba.
Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi ngesikhathi se-molt yonyaka, Izinyoni ze-macaroni ziyeka ukudla cishe amasonto amane ukuze zigweme ukubhukuda emanzini aneqhwa kuyilapho zingenazo izimpaphe ezingangeni manzi. Leli su libalulekile ukugwema i-hypothermia kanye nokulahlekelwa amandla ngesikhathi esibucayi emjikelezweni wabo wokuphila.
Ukuzala kanye nokukhuliswa kwamatshwele
Inkathi yokuzalanisa i-macaroni penguin ingesinye sezehlakalo ezimangalisayo emvelweni we-subantarctic. Ukuvuthwa ngokocansi kwenzeka phakathi kweminyaka emihlanu kwabesifazane kanye neyisithupha kwabesilisa. Lokhu kuqinisekisa ukuthi abantu abalungiselelwe kangcono kuphela ababamba iqhaza ekuzaleni.
Emjikelezweni ngamunye wokuzala, Insikazi ivamise ukubeka amaqanda amabili, nakuba elokuqala ngokuvamile lincane futhi alivamile ukukhula ngempumelelo. Iqanda lesibili, ngakolunye uhlangothi, linethuba eliphezulu lokusinda. Bobabili abazali bahlanganyela umsebenzi wokufukamela, othatha cishe izinsuku ezingama-33 kuya kwezingama-37, bahlale beqaphile kunoma yiziphi izinsongo zangaphandle.
Ngemva kokuchanyuselwa, Indima yeduna ibalulekile phakathi nezinsuku zokuqala ezingu-23 kuya kwezingu-25, njengoba inomthwalo wemfanelo wokuvikela nokufudumala itshwele kuyilapho eyesikazi ifuna ukudla. Lokhu kubambisana okuseduze nokuhlelekile kwandisa amathuba okuba amatshwele asinde emasontweni awo ambalwa okuqala, isikhathi esibucayi ngenxa yokungakwazi ukuzivikela nokuntuleka kwezimpaphe eziwavikelayo.
Lapho amatshwele ekhula emakhulu ngokwanele ukuba alondoloze ukushisa komzimba, ukukhula kwawo kuyashesha futhi aqala ukuba yingxenye yamaqembu ezingane, afunde ukuphila ngokwawo endaweni eyinselele.
Amaqiniso athakazelisayo mayelana negama nomlando we-macaroni penguin
Esinye sezici eziphawuleka kakhulu, ngokungangabazeki, igama lohlobo ngokwalo. Kungani zibizwa nge-macaroni? Impendulo ihlehlela emuva ekhulwini le-18, lapho izinsizwa zaseBrithani eziya e-Italy zazibuyela ekhaya ziphethe amalokhi ezinwele ezidayiwe nezitayela zezinwele ezimangalisayo, imfashini eyaziwa ngokuthi "i-macaroni," ibhekisela engomeni ethandwayo kanye nokunambitha kwezingavamile. Lapho bebuka i-yellow crest yale penguin, abahloli bamazwe abazange bangabaze ukubhapathiza lolu hlobo lwesiteketiso esingavamile ngenxa yokufana nalezo zezinwele zasemfashinini.
Ngakho-ke, i-macaroni penguin ayiveleli nje ngokubukeka kwayo ngokomzimba, kodwa igama layo lifihla yonke i-anecdote yomlando yamasiko namasiko abantu. Kuze kube namuhla, lelo gama lisalokhu linikeza ukumamatheka nokuphawula kwezazi zezinto eziphilayo nabahambi.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, kubalulekile ukugcizelela lokho Akulona kuphela uhlobo lwe-crested penguin, kodwa ngokungangabazeki, ingenye yezifanekiselo nezisakazwa kabanzi eziqhingini nasezigwini zengxenye eseningizimu yeplanethi.
Inani labantu, isimo sokongiwa kanye nezinsongo
I-macaroni penguin, ngokumangalisayo, ingenye yezinhlobo ze-penguin ezitholakala kakhulu emhlabeni. Njengoba kulinganiselwa ukuthi inani labantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-18 ngokocwaningo lwakamuva kakhulu, lesi sibalo siyehla, futhi lezi zinhlobo zezilwane zichazwe njengezisengozini yizinhlangano zamazwe ngamazwe njenge-IUCN (International Union for Conservation of Nature) kanye ne-BirdLife International.
Usongo olukhulu ekusindeni kwe-macaroni ukucindezela emithonjeni yayo yokudla. Ukudoba ngokweqile kwama-krill, okuwumthombo oyinhloko wokudla kwalawa maphengwini, kanye nokungcoliswa kukawoyela kanye nemithelela yokushintsha kwesimo sezulu, kubangela ingozi enkulu ekusaseni laloluhlobo. Izinguquko eqhweni lasolwandle zingashintsha imizila yazo yokuzingela futhi zivimbele ukufinyelela kwazo ekudleni, zinciphise izinga lempumelelo yokuzala futhi zenze amakoloni ehle kancane kancane.
Okwengeza kulezi zinsongo ingcindezi evela ezilwaneni ezidla ezinye zemvelo kanye nokuncintisana okungaba khona nezinye izinhlobo zezilwane ezindaweni okwabelwana ngazo. Njengokungathi lokho akwanele, ukuba khona kwabantu eduze namakoloni abo—ukuvakasha okungalawulwa, ukucwaninga kwesayensi okunganakekeli—kungashintsha nokuziphatha kwabo nempumelelo yabo yokuzala.
Nakuba amakoloni amakhulu esaqhubeka, Imizamo yokulondoloza imvelo igxile ekuvikeleni indawo yezilwane nezindawo zokudla, kanye nokubeka imingcele eqhubekayo yokudoba.
Ukuziphatha okuthakazelisa kakhulu nama-anecdotes ahlukile
Ngaphandle kokubukeka kwayo okumangalisayo, i-macaroni penguin ibonisa ukuziphatha okuthakazelisayo nokuyingqayizivele phakathi komndeni wepenguin. Ngokwesibonelo, izingqapheli eziningi ziye zagqamisa ukuthambekela kwezinhlobo zezilwane ekugcineni izibopho ezihambisana ngambili iminyaka, kubonisa ukwethembeka okumangalisayo nokuphila komphakathi okuhlelwe kakhulu.
Emakoloni abo, ukungqubuzana kwemikhosi kungabonwa lapho abantu ngabanye bephikisana, ikakhulukazi ekuqaleni kwenkathi yokuzalanisa. Umbukwane wezinkulungwane zezinyoni eziklabalasayo futhi zimi ngokuziqhenya umane uhlaba umxhwele kunoma yisiphi isazi semvelo noma umthandi wezilwane zasendle.
Nakuba zibonakala njengezilwane ezolile, Ezinsikazi zama-Macaroni zingalwa ngempela uma zizwa ukuthi inhlalakahle yamatshwele azo isengozini noma uma eqhudelana ngokufinyelela kweduna elikhulile.—okubanika ithuba elingcono lokuphumelela kokuzala.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ikhono lazo lokuzivumelanisa nezimo zasolwandle ezihlukene kanye nekhono lazo lokufuduka isikhathi eside liqinisa indima yazo njengezinhlobo eziyinhloko ku-Antarctic kanye ne-subantarctic ecosystem.
I-macaroni penguin ingaphezulu kakhulu kwe-crest enemibala kanye negama eliyinkimbinkimbi. Yinyoni ekwazi ukumelana nezimo ngendlela emangalisayo, enokuziphatha okuyinkimbinkimbi komphakathi, izindaba ezimangazayo, nokubaluleka okubalulekile ezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo eziseningizimu yeplanethi. Ukuqonda okujulile ngakho kusisiza ukuba siqonde kangcono iwebhu yempilo ethambile ezindaweni ezishisayo, okusikhumbuza ngesidingo sokuvikela hhayi nje uhlobo oluthile lwezilwane ezifuywayo, kodwa yonke indawo encike ekulinganiseni kwayo kwemvelo.