- IChile iqaphele i-Humboldt penguin njengeSikhumbuzo Semvelo, iyinika enye yamazinga aphezulu okuvikelwa ngokomthetho.
- Lesi sinqumo siza ngemuva kwenqubo yokubonisana nomphakathi lapho kube nemibono engaba ngu-9.000 evela kwizakhamuzi, izinhlangano kanye nemiphakathi.
- Lolu hlobo, olutholakala kakhulu kuHumboldt Current, lubhekene nokuncipha okukhulu kwenani labantu kanye nezinsongo eziningi zemvelo kanye nabantu.
- Isigaba esisha siqinisa ukulondolozwa kwamakoloni abalulekile ogwini lwaseChile futhi sibeka isibonelo esifanele emhlabeni jikelele.
El I-Humboldt penguin isibe yinto eza kuqala ohlelweni lwezemvelo lwaseChile. Ngemva kokuqashelwa ngokusemthethweni njengeSikhumbuzo Semvelo, lesi silinganiso sibeka le nyoni yasolwandle esigabeni sokuvikelwa okuqinile, esenzelwe ukuvimba ukwehla kwayo nokuqinisa ukulondolozwa kwayo isikhathi eside.
Lesi sinqumo, ebesilokhu sisetshenzwa izinyanga eziningi, sisekelwe ekuvumelaneni okubanzi kobuchwepheshe kanye nokwezenhlalo. Iziphathimandla, ososayensi, izinhlangano zemvelo, kanye nezakhamuzi bavumelana ngokuphuthuma kokuthatha isinyathelo. lapho bebhekene nokuncipha kwenani labantu kanye nokwanda kwengcindezi ezindaweni zabo zokuhlala ezisogwini kanye nezasolwandle.
Isimemezelo esingokomlando esibandakanya izakhamuzi kabanzi
Isimo esisha samukelwe yi- UMkhandlu WabaNgqongqoshe Bokuzinza Nokushintsha Kwesimo Sezulu saseChileUmzimba ophethe ukuxhumanisa izinqubomgomo zomphakathi ezihlobene nemvelo kanye nokusetshenziswa kwezinsiza zemvelo uvumile ukuqaphela i-Humboldt penguin (Spheniscus humboldti) njengohlobo lwe-Natural Monument.
UMnyango Wezemvelo wadlulisa lesi sinqumo ngemigudu yawo esemthethweni, wagcizelela ukuthi Inqubo yaphawulwa ukuzibandakanya kwezakhamuzi okungakaze kubonwe ngaphambiliNgesikhathi sokuxoxisana nomphakathi, kwatholakala imibono ecishe ibe ngu-9.000 evela kubantu ngabanye, emaqenjini, ezikhungweni kanye nasemiphakathini yasogwini.
Ngokusho komnyango, iningi lamazwana Wabonisa ukusekela okucacile kokuqinisa ukuvikelwa okusemthethweni kwalolu hlobo. futhi banikele ngezici zobuchwepheshe kanye nezenhlalo ezisize ekulungiseni isiphakamiso sokuqala. Leli zinga lokubandakanyeka komphakathi lichazwe njengerekhodi lalolu hlobo lomzamo wezemvelo ezweni.
Umnyango ngokwawo ugcizelele, ekuxhumaneni kwawo, ukuthi ngalesi simemezelo "Kuyathuthuka ekuvikelweni kwefa lemvelo", ekhomba i-penguin yaseHumboldt njengophawu lwezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo ezixhumene noMsinga waseHumboldt eningizimu-mpumalanga yePacific.
Lesi sinyathelo sihunyushwe emikhakheni eyahlukene njengesinyathelo esibalulekile hhayi eChile kuphela, kodwa nakwesifunda. ngokuba yisibonelo sendlela yokuhlanganisa ukwesekwa kwesayensi, ukubamba iqhaza komphakathi, kanye nezinqumo zezepolitiki bebhekene nenkinga yokuhlukahluka kwezinhlobo zezinto eziphilayo.
Kusho ukuthini ukuba yiSikhumbuzo Semvelo nge-penguin yaseHumboldt?
Ukuqokwa kweSikhumbuzo Semvelo sephengwini likaHumboldt kubalulekile. ukukhuphuka kwekhwalithi ezingeni lokuvikelwa kwezomthethoKusukela manje kuqhubeke, ukuvikelwa kwayo akugcini nje ezindaweni ezithile ezivikelwe, kodwa kudlulela kuyo yonke indawo yaseChile, kokubili ezindaweni zemvelo zasemhlabeni kanye nezasolwandle.
Imithethonqubo ehambisana nalesi sigaba isungula ukwenqatshelwa ukwesabisa, ukubamba, ukukhipha, ukuphatha kabi, ukulimaza noma ukubangela ukufa zezinhlobo ze-Humboldt penguin. Le mikhawulo iyasebenza kungakhathaliseki ukuthi izilwane zingaphakathi noma ngaphandle kwamapaki kazwelonke, izindawo zokugcina izilwane zasolwandle, noma ezinye izindawo zokulondolozwa kwemvelo.
Kucatshangelwa kuphela okulinganiselwe kakhulu, njengokuthi amaphrojekthi ocwaningo lwesayensi agunyaziwe noma umsebenzi wokuhlola osemthethweni yiziphathimandla ezifanele. Ngisho nakulezi zimo, izenzo kumele zilandele izinqubo eziqinile ezinciphisa umthelela ohlotsheni.
Lolu hlaka olusha luyanda futhi luqinisa ukuvikelwa osekuvele kutholwe ngamanye amakoloni afakwe ezindaweni zemvelo ezivikelwe. Intuthuko entsha ukuthi manje noma yimuphi umuntu we-penguin waseHumboldt uvikelwe yinethiwekhi efanayo yezomthetho., noma ngabe itholakala kuphi emanzini noma ogwini lwezwe.
Ngokwesimo esingokoqobo, isigaba seSikhumbuzo Semvelo sivula nomnyango wokuthi izinhlelo ezithile zokuphatha, ukuqapha okwandisiwe kanye nokuxhumana phakathi kwezikhungoLokhu kuzokwenza kube lula ukuqaliswa kwezinyathelo ezithile ezindaweni zokuzalela, zokondla, kanye nezokuphumula.
Ukusatshalaliswa kwezinhlobo kanye nendima ebalulekile yeChile ekulondolozweni kwayo
I-penguin kaHumboldt iyi-penguin inyoni yasolwandle ehlotshaniswa nohlelo lwamanje lwe-HumboldtUmsinga obandayo, okhiqiza kakhulu ogeleza ogwini lwePacific usuka ePeru uye eningizimu yeChile. Ububanzi bawo bokusatshalaliswa busukela cishe e-Isla Foca, ogwini lweLa Islilla cove esifundazweni sasePaita (ePeru), kuya e-Isla Metalqui, eziqhingini zaseChiloé (eChile).
Nakuba lolu hlobo lusabalale phakathi kwamazwe amabili, Iningi labantu abazalela kulo ligcwele endaweni yaseChileLokhu kwenza iChile ibe ngumdlali obalulekile ekusindeni kwe-Humboldt penguin emhlabeni wonke, njengoba igcina amakoloni amakhulu okuzalela nokwakha izidleke.
Phakathi kwamakoloni avelele kakhulu ezweni kukhona I-Pan de Azúcar kanye neziqhingi zaseChañaral, esifundeni sase-AtacamaIziqhingi zaseChoros naseTilgo, kanye neziqhingi zasePájaros eSifundeni saseCoquimbo, kanye neSiqhingi saseCachagua eSifundeni saseValparaíso. Lezi zindawo zinengxenye ebaluleke kakhulu yabantu emhlabeni balolu hlobo.
Okubaluleke kakhulu yilokho okubizwa ngokuthi I-Humboldt Archipelago, eyaziwa kakhulu ngokuthi "amaGalapago aseChile" ngenxa yokwehlukahlukana kwayo okukhulu kwezinto eziphilayo. Leli qembu leziqhingi neziqhingi ezincane eziyisishiyagalombili liyindawo ebalulekile ye-penguin: ligxila cishe ama-80% eziqhingini zalo emhlabeni wonke futhi linikeza izindawo zokuhlala nezokudla ezisezingeni eliphezulu lemvelo.
Ukuba khona okukhulu kwalolu hlobo emngceleni ophakathi nenyakatho yeChile kusho ukuthi izinqumo zokuphatha ezindaweni ezisogwini ezifana ne-Atacama, i-Coquimbo kanye ne-Valparaíso Zinomthelela oqondile ekusaseni lazo emhlabeni jikelele. Okwenzeka kulezi zindawo kubhekwe eduze umphakathi wesayensi kanye nezinhlangano zemvelo emhlabeni jikelele.
Uphawu lweHumboldt Current kanye nezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo zasolwandle
Ngokombono webhayoloji, i-Humboldt penguin ichazwa ngokuthi izimpaphe ezimnyama nezimhlophe ezihlukile kakhuluLokhu kwenza kube lula ukuyibona futhi kuhlinzeke ngokucasha emanzini okuphumelelayo ekulweni nezilwane ezidla ezinye. Lokhu kungafani okuhlukahlukene kuye kwaba nomthelela ekubeni kube ngenye yezinyoni zasolwandle ezihlaba umxhwele kakhulu esifundeni.
Luhlobo oluphakathi nendawo eqenjini lama-penguin: Ngokuvamile ifinyelela cishe amasentimitha angu-70 ukuphakama kanye namakhilogremu angaba ngu-4 ngesisindo, ikubeka phakathi kwezinhlobo ezinkulu, njenge-emperor penguin, kanye nezincane, njenge-penguin encane eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka.
Ukuxhumana kwayo eduze noMsinga weHumboldt kusho ukuthi isimo sabantu bayo sisebenza ngendlela ethile, njengokuthi i-thermometer yempilo yezindawo zemvelo zasolwandle okuhambisana nalolu hlelo lolwandle. Izinguquko ekunabeni kwezinhlanzi, izinga lokushisa lamanzi, noma ikhwalithi yendawo yokuhlala zibonakala, ngokushesha noma kamuva, empumelelweni yazo yokuzala kanye nenani eliphelele.
Ngaphandle kokubaluleka kwayo kwemvelo, i-Humboldt penguin isizibonakalise njenge- isithonjana sezilwane zasolwandle zaseChile kanye nefa lemvelo laseningizimu-mpumalanga yePacificIsithombe sakhe sivame ukuvela emikhankasweni yokufundisa ngezemvelo, ezintweni zokwazisa, kanye nemisebenzi yokukhulisa ulwazi ehloselwe izakhamuzi zendawo kanye nezivakashi.
Lesi sici esingokomfanekiso sisiza ekuvikelweni kwaso futhi sinesici sezenhlalo namasiko. ukuqinisa umqondo wokuthi ukulondolozwa kwezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo kuwumthwalo wemfanelo ohlanganyelwe phakathi kohulumeni, imboni ezimele kanye nezakhamuzi, into ephinde ibonwe eYurophu ngaphakathi kohlaka lwezingxoxo mayelana nokuvikelwa kolwandle kanye nokudoba okusimeme.
Uhlobo oluwohlokayo futhi olungaphansi kwezingcindezi eziningi
Isimemezelo seSikhumbuzo Semvelo asiveli ezeni. Lokhu kubonisa umkhuba okhathazayo ekuguqukeni kwenani lama-penguin aseHumboldt. Emashumini eminyaka ambalwa edlule, kuphawulwe ukwehla okukhulu kanye nezixwayiso eziphindaphindwayo ezivela emphakathini wesayensi.
Izifundo zakamuva zibeka ukulahleka kwamasampula ku ububanzi obuphakathi kuka-50% no-80% cishe eminyakeni engamashumi amahlanuMaphakathi nawo-90, inani labantu lalilinganiselwa kubantu abangaphezu kuka-45.000; nokho, okwamanje, izibalo zingaphansi kuka-20.000, ngokusho kwezifundo ezahlukene zokuqapha.
Okuphawuleka kakhulu ukwehla kwenani lemibhangqwana ezalelanayo. Eminyakeni engamashumi amabili nje kuphela, inani lemibhangqwana ezalelayo ngabe lehle lisuka cishe ku-8.000 laya ngaphezu kwenkulungwane., ukwehla okungaphezu kuka-80% okubonisa izinkinga ezinkulu ekugcineni amakoloni okuzalela azinzile.
Lokhu kuwohloka kwaholela uMnyango Wezemvelo ukuthi hlela kabusha i-penguin kaHumboldt, uyisuse esigabeni esithi "Vulnerable" uye esigabeni esithi "Endangered" ezinqubweni zabo zokuhlola ezisemthethweni. Ushintsho esimweni lubonisa ingozi enkulu yokuthi uhlobo luzoqhubeka nokwehla uma kungathathwa izinyathelo ezengeziwe.
Ukuqashelwa njengeSikhumbuzo Semvelo kuhlelwe ngqo ngaphakathi kwalesi simo sokuqwashisa, njengenye ithuluzi lokunciphisa ukwehla nokuvimbela isimo ukuthi singabi sezimo ezibucayi kakhulu, ngamakholoni alimele ngokungenakulungiseka noma ngokulahlekelwa ukuhlukahluka kwezakhi zofuzo.
Izinsongo: ukudoba, ukulahlekelwa izindawo zokuhlala, kanye nokushintsha kwesimo sezulu
Iziphathimandla zemvelo kanye namaqembu esayensi athole isethi yezinsongo ezisebenza ngokuhlanganyela mayelana ne-Humboldt penguin kanye nezindawo zayo zokuhlala, eziningi zazo zihlobene nemisebenzi yabantu ogwini lolwandle kanye nasolwandle.
Enye yezingcindezi ezifanele kakhulu yi- ukuxhumana nezindawo zokudoba zezentengiselwano nezobucikoAma-penguin angabanjwa ngengozi emanetheni nakwezinye izinto zokudoba (ngokubanjwa ngengozi), futhi athinteka futhi ukuncintisana ngezinsiza zokudla ezifanayo, njengezinhlanzi ezincane nezinye izinto eziphilayo zasolwandle.
Esinye isongo esiyinhloko yi- ukuwohloka noma ukulahlekelwa izindawo zokuhlalaUkuhamba kwabantu, ezokuvakasha ngaphandle kwemithethonqubo eyanele, amaphrojekthi athile okwakha ogwini, kanye nokuba khona kwezikebhe ezindaweni ezibucayi kungabangela ama-penguin ukuba ashiye izidleke zawo noma ayeke ukusebenzisa izindawo ezazifanelekela ukuzalanisa ngaphambili.
Okungeziwe kulokhu yi- ukuba khona kwezinhlobo ezihlaselayo eziqhingini naseziqhingini ezincane, njengezilwane ezincelisayo ezidla ezinye izilwane ezihlasela amaqanda, amaphuphu, ngisho nabantu abadala. Lezi zinhlobo, njengoba zingeyona ingxenye yokulinganisela kwemvelo kwasekuqaleni, zingabangela umonakalo omkhulu emakoloni angakathuthukisi izindlela zokuzivikela kuzo.
Eminyakeni yamuva nje, kube khona futhi ukuqubuka kwezifo ezifana nomkhuhlane wezinyoniLezi zenzakalo zithinte izinyoni zasolwandle ezahlukahlukene ogwini lwasePacific eNingizimu Melika. Nakuba imiphumela ethile ekoloni ngalinye ingahluka, lezi zigameko zengeza ingcindezi eyengeziwe yezempilo esimweni esivele siyinkimbinkimbi.
Ekugcineni, i ukuguquka kwesimo sezulu kanye nokuguqulwa kwezimo zolwandle Lezi zici zakha ingozi eyisisekelo. Izinguquko ekushiseni kwamanzi, ukuvama kwezehlakalo ezimbi kakhulu, noma ukutholakala kokudla kungaphoqa ama-penguin ukuba ahambe ibanga elide ukuze athole izinsiza noma abhekane nezimo zokuzala ezingafanele.
Izindlela zokuvikela kanye nezinselele zokuphatha zesikhathi esimaphakathi
Njengoba i-penguin yaseHumboldt manje isiqashelwa njengeSikhumbuzo Semvelo, uMbuso waseChile usuvele ukhona. ithuluzi elinamandla lokuklama nokusebenzisa izinyathelo zokulondoloza ukuqondisa ngqo lolu hlobo. Isihluthulelo kuzoba ukuhumusha lolo hlaka lwezomthetho lube yizenzo eziqondile phansi.
Phakathi kwemigqa yomsebenzi engaba khona kukhona ukulawulwa kwemishini ethile yokudoba ezindaweni lapho ukubanjwa kwezinhlanzi okungahleliwe kuvame kakhulu khonakanye nokusungulwa kwezindawo zokukhosela zesikhashana noma ezihlala njalo ezizungeze amakoloni abucayi ngesikhathi sokuzala.
Kucatshangelwa nezinhlelo zokuthuthukisa ukulawula ukusetshenziswa kwezivakashi kanye nokuzijabulisa kwamabhishi, iziqhingi ezincane kanye nezindawo ezisogwini lapho ama-penguin ephumula khona noma ezalela khona. Lokhu kungafaka phakathi ukumaka imizila, ukukhawulela ukufinyelela ngezikhathi ezithile zonyaka, noma ukusebenzisa imithetho yokuziphatha yezivakashi nezikebhe.
Ngesikhathi esifanayo, iziphathimandla zigcizelele ukubaluleka kokuthi qinisa izinhlelo zokuqapha zesayensiLokhu kuzosisiza ukuthi siqaphe izitayela zabantu futhi sihlole ukusebenza kahle kwezinyathelo ezisetshenzisiwe. Ulwazi olutholakalayo luzosiza ekuphuculeni amasu okulondolozwa kwemvelo ngokunembe kakhudlwana.
Esinye isici esibalulekile kuzoba ukusebenzisana nemiphakathi yendawo, umkhakha wokudoba, kanye nezinhlangano zomphakathi. Khuthaza izivumelwano kanye nezenzo ezihlanganyelwe ezindaweni zemfundo yezemvelo, imikhuba emihle kanye nokuqapha umphakathi Kungenza umehluko omkhulu uma kukhulunywa ngokunciphisa izinsongo nokuqinisa isivikelo nsuku zonke.
Isilinganiso sesifunda esinomsindo kulo lonke elaseYurophu
Isinqumo seChile sifike ngesikhathi lapho Ukulondolozwa kwezilwandle nezilwane zasendle zasolwandle kuyinto ebalulekile kakhulu emhlabeni jikelele.Emazweni aseYurophu anentshisekelo yokudoba e-Atlantic nakwamanye amalwandle, icala le-Humboldt penguin linikeza izifundo zokuthi ungahlanganisa kanjani izinhlaka zomthetho eziqinile nokuhlanganyela kwezakhamuzi.
Izikhungo zaseYurophu, njenge-European Union, bezilokhu zikhuthaza iminyaka eminingi Izindlela zemvelo ekuphathweni kwezindawo zokudoba nezindawo ezivikelwe zasolwandleUkuqashelwa kwe-Humboldt penguin njengeSikhumbuzo Semvelo kuhambisana nale ndlela, ngokugxila ohlotsheni lwesibonakaliso kanye nezindawo zemvelo ezincike kuzo.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ulwazi lwaseChile lungasebenza njengesisekelo Ukuqinisa ukubambisana kwesayensi kanye nemvelo phakathi kweYurophu neNingizimu Melikaikakhulukazi kulezo zindawo ezihlobene nemisinga yolwandle, ukufuduka kwezinhlobo zasolwandle kanye nemiphumela yokushintsha kwesimo sezulu ogwini lwasePacific.
Izinhlangano zemvelo zaseYurophu sezilokhu zixwayisa ngesidingo sokuvikela kangcono izinyoni zasolwandle, eziningi zazo ezihlushwa yizicucu ezibanjwe ngokungafanele, ukulahlekelwa yindawo yazo yokuhlala kanye nokungcola. Indaba ye-penguin yaseHumboldt inikeza isibonelo esicacile sendlela yokuphakamisa izinga lokuvikelwa ngendlela ehlelekile. phakathi kokuphathwa, isayensi kanye nomphakathi.
Uma sibheka phambili, kungenzeka ukuthi lezi zinhlobo zezinyathelo zizokhuthaza izibopho ezintsha zamazwe amabili noma zamazwe amaningi ezindabeni zokuvikelwa kwezilwane zasolwandle, lapho bobabili abalingani baseChile nabaseYurophu behlanganyela khona, kungaba ngokushintshana ngemikhuba emihle, ukuxhaswa ngezimali kwephrojekthi noma izivumelwano ezithile zokulondolozwa olwandle oluphakeme.
Ngazo zonke lezi zinto ezingenhla, ukumenyezelwa kwe-penguin kaHumboldt njengeSikhumbuzo Semvelo eChile kuhlelwe njenge ingqophamlando enqubweni yokulondolozwa kwemvelo yesifundaIvikela ngokomthetho uhlobo olufanekisela izinto, ithembele ekubambeni iqhaza okukhulu kwezakhamuzi, isabela ekuxilongweni okucacile kwesayensi kwesimo sayo esiyingozi, futhi ivula umnyango wezinhlobo ezintsha zokubambisana kwamazwe ngamazwe okuhloswe ngazo ukuvikela imvelo yasolwandle yasePacific, futhi ngokuvamile, ukwabelana ngezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo emhlabeni jikelele.