Imivi iyizinambuzane ezikhangayo futhi ezivame ukungaqondakali ezidlala indima ebalulekile ku-ecosystem yethu. Abantu abaningi babhekana nokwesaba noma ukuzondwa ngabo, ikakhulukazi ngenxa yokungaqiniseki mayelana nokuziphatha kwabo kokuzivikela. Umbuzo ovamile ophakamayo uthi: Ingabe iminyovu iyaluma noma iyaluma? Kulesi sihloko esibanzi, sizophendula lo mbuzo futhi sihlole izici ezihlukahlukene ezihlobene neminyovu, kusukela emasikweni nemikhuba yabo kuya ekubalulekeni kwabo kwemvelo.
Iminyovu
Uma singabuza ngesinye sezinambuzane ezingasihlaba kakhulu, ngokungangabazeki impendulo ingaba iminyovu. Futhi wukuthi, lesi silwane, singesinye sezinambuzane ezindizayo esinazo kakhulu lapho kufika intwasahlobo nehlobo. Kodwa empeleni umnyovu uphila unyaka wonke, nakuba singawuboni.
Uma ufuna ukwazi imininingwane eyengeziwe ngalolu hlobo lwe-hymenoptera, uma ufuna ukwazi ukuthi yiziphi izici zalo, zingaki izinhlobo zemivi emhlabeni, ukuthi zidlani, zizalana kanjani nokunye okuningi, ungangabazi ukubheka. kulokho esikulungiselele ngakho ngabo.
Izici Zomnyovu
Kunezinhlobo eziningi zomnyovu okusho ukuthi ukukhuluma ngezici zazo kungase kube nzima njengoba ngayinye inezici ezithile ezihlukile eziyenza ihluke. Kodwa, zonke zibonakala ngokuba nezingxenye ezintathu ezihlukene kahle: ikhanda, ithorax (mesosoma) kanye nesisu (metasoma). Ubukhulu bayo bungasukela kuhhafu wesentimitha ukuya kumasentimitha amane ubude.
Engxenyeni yekhanda inikezwa amehlo, ebizwa nangokuthi i-ocelli, ekwazi ukuhlukanisa ukukhanya nobumnyama. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ezinye zezinhlobo zinamazinyo okuluma. Iphinde ibe nezimpondo ezenziwe ngezigaba eziningana.
Inamapheya amabili amaphiko. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ezimbili zinkulu impela, kanti ezinye zincane kakhulu. Womabili amapheya ahlanganiswe "i-frenulum", okuyizingwegwe eziwabamba ndawonye ukuze indiza ilingane. Kodwa-ke, kufanele kuqashelwe ukuthi ezinye izinhlobo zomnyovu zesifazane azinayo le nto.
El Umbala womnyovu uvame ukubamnyama nokuphuzi, nakuba, kuzo zonke izinhlobo ezahlukene, ungathola i-hue ehlukahlukene phakathi kwabamnyama, abansundu, ababomvu, amawolintshi nokuphuzi.
Ekugcineni, into abaningi abayesabayo wukulunywa komnyovu. Lokhu kutholakala kuphela kwabesifazane.
Habitat
Iminyovu ikhona cishe yonke indawo emhlabeni, futhi zaziwa ikakhulukazi ezindaweni ezinelanga, lapho zakha khona izidleke zazo, emagatsheni noma eziqwini zezihlahla, emakhoneni ezindlu, osebeni lwemifula, emigodini...
Ngaphakathi kombuso weminyovu, kunezinhlobo ezimbili ezinkulu, ezihluke kahle: ngakolunye uhlangothi, iminyovu yodwa, engenayo ikoloni (nakuba ngezinye izikhathi yenza izidleke, ezisetshenziselwa ukuzala kamuva); ngakolunye uhlangothi, lezo zenhlalo, ezihlala emakoloni futhi ezidleke.
izinhlobo zomnyovu
Umndeni womnyovu uhlanganisa izinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-200.000 ezahlukene, hhayi iminyovu kuphela, kodwa nezinyosi, izinyosi nezintuthwane. Esimweni esinjalo, I-Hymenoptera ihlukaniswe yaba yi-Symphyta ne-Apocrita.. Futhi yi-Apocrita ebeka iminyovu, izinyosi nezintuthwane.
Ngaphakathi kwabo uzothola aculeatas (izinambuzane ezinobuthi obuhlabayo) lapho kutholakala khona iminyovu eminingi eyaziwa kakhulu; futhi i-parasite (Izibungu zikhula ngaphakathi noma phezu kwesinye isilwane).
Empeleni, iminyovu eyaziwa kakhulu yilezo ezinegama lesayensi elithi Vespidae, kodwa empeleni lezi ziyiqembu elikhulu futhi singasho ukuthi i-taxonomy yiyona ehlelwe kakhulu kulezi zinambuzane. Emkhayeni, singathola ama-subgroups amabili: amabhantshi aphuzi, anezinhlobo ezingu-23 ezahlukene; nama-scooters, anezinhlobo ezingama-24. Ngakho-ke, cishe kunezinhlobo ezingama-50 zeminyovu ozozithola (kanye nazo zonke lezi esizishiya eceleni).
Phakathi kwazo, iminyovu eyaziwa kakhulu yilezi ezilandelayo:
- umnyovu ovamile. Ivame kakhulu eSpain naseYurophu, ibonakala ngokuba mncane (ngaphansi kwamasentimitha angu-2), futhi ngokuba nomzimba onemigqa emnyama nephuzi).
- Umnyovu wase-Asia. Ingenye eyingozi kakhulu, yingakho igama lesidlaliso elithi "killer wasp", elidla ezinye izinambuzane futhi linganqikazi ukuhlasela.
- ivesti yesiJalimane. Itholakala kakhulu e-Afrika, eYurophu, eMelika, e-Australia, eNew Zealand nakwezinye izingxenye ze-Asia. Akukhona nje kuphela ukuthi iyakwazi ukuhlaba (ngesihlungu esinobuthi kakhulu), kodwa ingaluma futhi ishiye uphawu oluhle.
Ukuncelisa iminyovu
La Ukuphakelwa komnyovu kuncike ezintweni ezimbili: ukuthi usekhulile, noma akayena. Lapho umnyovu usumdala, udla ikakhulukazi umpe wezimbali, nakuba ngokuvamile udla izithelo ezivuthiwe nezimnandi. Nokho, lapho kuseyisibungu, ukudla kwaso kuyahlukahluka kakhulu, njengoba kuyisilwane esidla inyama yonke, esidla ezinye izinambuzane, ziphila noma zifile.
Lokhu akusho ukuthi izibonelo zabantu abadala abazizingeli ezinye izilwane, iqiniso wukuthi zikwenza zisuka zisencane, ngoba yibona ababhekele ukuhlinzeka izibungu ngokudla ukuze zikhule. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, kuvamile ukuthi ungabona iminyovu ithatha ezinye izilwane iziyise endaweni yazo ukuze ziyondle (noma iletha ukudla eduze nezibungu ezinazo).
ukukhiqizwa komnyovu
Njengoba sesishilo ngaphambili, zikhona amaqembu amabili iminyovu, social and sodwa. Futhi endabeni yokuzala, kwenzeka ngokuhluke kakhulu phakathi kwabo.
Okuthile okugqamayo ngeminyovu ukuthi bayakwazi ukulawula ubulili benzalo yabo, njengoba, uma ezifuna ukuzalwa kungabesilisa, zibekela amaqanda angavundile; akufani nokuthi bafuna abesifazane.
Iminyovu yomphakathi: ukukhiqizwa kwabo
Eminyovu yezenhlalo, okungukuthi, lezo ezihlala ekoloni nasesidlekeni, ukuzala kwenzeka kuphela kwindlovukazi. Laba abasele abayinzalo okusho ukuthi ngeke bathole inzalo.
Indlovukazi kuphela engadala ukuphila okwengeziwe, yingakho ivundiswa ngowesilisa oyedwa noma abambalwa. Isidoda sigcinwa yilomnyovu esikhwameni esingaphakathi, futhi yingakho singaba namaqanda ayizinkulungwane ezimbalwa ngokuhlangana okukodwa nje.
Manje, ngoSepthemba yilapho kuzalwa abesilisa nabesifazane abavundile, futhi inhloso iwukuba bahlangane futhi bavundiswe, ngoba bayoba inzalo yomnyovu wendlovukazi ngempela, futhi labo abayosinda ebusika ukuze, entwasahlobo, zakha ezabo isidleke.
Iminyovu Eyodwa kanye Nesiteji Sokukhiqiza
Endabeni yeminyovu ehlala yodwa, ingaphinde ihlangane nezinye izibonelo futhi ivundiswe, ngisho nangaphandle kokuba iminyovu eyindlovukazi.
Bazobeka iqanda esitokisini ngasinye sesidleke, esizogcwaliswa ngokudla, bese sibeka uphawu. Ngakho angeke kube khona ubuhlobo phakathi kwabazali nezingane. Lapho lowo mnyovu uphuma, uyobe esemdala futhi uzokwazi ukuzakhela isidleke sawo esikhathini esizayo ukuze aqhubeke nokuzala.
Izinhlobo Zomnyovu eSpain: Ukuhlonza kanye namaqiniso anelukuluku
E-Spain, iminyovu iyingxenye ezibalulekile zemvelo kwezinhlelo zemvelo, ezidlala indima ebalulekile njengabathuthi bempova kanye nezilawuli zezinambuzane. Nokho, zingaba yimbangela yokukhathazeka ngenxa yokulunywa kwazo okubuhlungu. Kulesi sihloko, sizohlola ngokujulile izinhlobo ezivame kakhulu zeminyovu eSpain, izici zazo namaqiniso athakazelisayo ngazo.
Izinhlobo zezidleke ze-Wasp: Ukuhlonza kanye Nokuvimbela
Iminyovu iyizinambuzane ezihehayo kodwa ezivame ukwesatshwa, ikakhulukazi ngenxa yokuluma kwazo okubuhlungu nokuziphatha kokuzivikela. Kodwa-ke, adlala indima ebalulekile ku-ecosystem yethu, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi i-pollinator noma izilawuli zezinambuzane. Ukuze uhlale nazo ngendlela evumelana kakhudlwana, kubalulekile ukufunda ukubona nokuphatha izidleke zazo. Lesi sihloko sizodingida okuhlukile izinhlobo zezidleke zomnyovu, izici zabo, nendlela yokuvimbela izinkinga ezihlobene nazo.
umnyovu obomvu
Namuhla sizokhuluma ngohlobo lomnyovu onombala obomvu ojulile futhi owaziwa kakhulu ngenxa yalo mbala. Imayelana ne umnyovu obomvu. Igama layo lesayensi ngu uCarolina futhi ingeye-oda le-Hymenoptera. Ithathwa njengezinhlobo ezibukwayo futhi itholakala ikakhulukazi eTexas naseNebraska.
Kulesi sihloko sizokutshela zonke izici, indawo yokuhlala, ukudla kanye nokuzala komuvi obomvu.
umnyovu wase-Afrika
I-hornet yase-Afrika iyinhlanganisela yeminyovu evela eBrazil nalabo abavela eTanzania. Ngenxa yengozi, lezi zinhlobo ezimbili zahlangana futhi zazala uhlobo olusha, olunolaka futhi oluyingozi kakhulu "kunabazali" bazo.
Uma ufuna ukwazi ifayela le- Izici Zomnyovu Wase-Afrika, iyini indawo yayo eyinhloko, ukondla kanye nokuzala, sikulungiselele isihloko ukuze uthole yonke imininingwane ngalesi sinambuzane.
Ukulunywa komnyovu
Izinambuzane zivamile lapho kufika intwasahlobo nehlobo. Kodwa-ke, kukhona okunye okuthi, ngaphezu kokuvamile, kuyacasula futhi kuyingozi kwabaningi. Sikhuluma ngeminyovu. I Ukulunywa komnyovu akukona inqobo nje uma ungaguliswa yiwo.
Ngakho-ke, ukwazi ukuthi yini okufanele siyenze lapho isinambuzane salolu hlobo sisiluma kubaluleke kakhulu. Futhi yilokho esizoxoxa ngakho namuhla ukuze ube nomhlahlandlela osebenzayo futhi wazi ukuthi kufanele wenze kanjani.
Umnyovu wase-Asia
Esinye sezilwane “zesimanje” futhi esesabeka kakhulu, hhayi nje ngenxa yobukhulu baso kodwa nangenxa yomonakalo esiwubangela kwezinye izilwane uphondo lwase-Asia. Eyaziwa emhlabeni wonke, kanye nemiphumela ekhiqizwayo, lesi sifanekiso siye sabonwa naseSpain.
Ngakho-ke, uma ufuna ukwazi injani i-asia hornet, yehluke kangakanani kokwaziwa kakhulu, lokho ekudlayo, lapho ivela khona noma ulwazi olwengeziwe ngakho, ungangabazi ukubheka lokho esikulungiselele kona.