I-Las ibhokisi jellyfish, edume ngokuthi umuvi wasolwandle, ziyizidalwa ezikhangayo ezinhle njengoba ziyingozi. Nakuba abantu abaningi bezwa ngazo kuphela ngemva kwezigameko zasehlobo noma izexwayiso ngezikhathi ezithile, ibhayoloji yazo, ubuthi, kanye nokuba khona kwazo kokubili emanzini ashisayo naseMedithera kufanele kuhlolwe ngokujulile. Inhlanganisela yakho ukubukeka okuyingqayizivele, ubuthi bokuluma kwayo kanye nenhlangano yayo yezinzwa eyinkimbinkimbi okubenza babe ngesinye sezilwane zasolwandle ezithakazelisa kakhulu futhi ezesatshwa ngabagezi nososayensi.
Kulesi sihloko uzothola ngokuphelele konke odinga ukukwazi mayelana i-boxjellyfish,kusuka kwakhe izici zomzimba nendawo yokuhlala emiphumeleni yako empilweni yomuntu, umjikelezo wokuphila kwayo kanye nentuthuko yakamuva yesayensi efuna ukuvala ubuthi bayo. Uzothola umehluko phakathi kwezinhlobo ezitholakala eMedithera kanye neminyovu yasolwandle yase-Australia ebulalayo, kanye nezindlela zokuvimbela nokuphendula udosi. Lungela uhambo olubanzi noluhehayo lomhlaba we-box jellyfish.
Ziyini i-box jellyfish ngempela?
I-Las ibhokisi jellyfish o i-boxjellyfish Bangamalungu e-phylum Cnidaria kanye nasekilasini eCubozoa. Igama layo elivamile livela ku- i-cubic shape yensimbi yayo, ngokubukeka izihlukanisa kwezinye izinhlanzi ezinsimbi ezivame ukuba yindilinga. Ngaphansi kwale nsimbi kunweba amatende amaningana, kuye ngohlobo, ahlabayo kakhulu futhi afakwe amangqamuzana anobuthi akhethekile abizwa ngokuthi. ama-cnidocytes. Abavelele kuphela ngesimo sabo, kodwa futhi nangokwabo ikhono lokubhukuda ngenkuthalo, into engavamile phakathi kwe-jellyfish, evame ukukhukhuleka nemisinga.
Lawa ma-jellyfish aguquke ukuze abe izilwane ezidla ezinye ezisebenzayo nezesatshwayo. Inhlanganisela ye isivinini sokubhukuda, umbono oyinkimbinkimbi kanye nobuthi Lokhu kuzibeka, ngokusho kochwepheshe, phakathi kwezilwane eziyingozi kakhulu emhlabeni wasolwandle. Ukubukeka kwayo okucwebezelayo nokucwebezelayo kusiza kokubili ukuzifihla ezilwaneni ezizingelayo kanye nokuzingela inyamazane yayo.
Nakuba kunokudideka okuthile namagama avamile, empeleni leli gama "umnyovu wasolwandle" Ihlanganisa izinhlobo eziningana ze-box jellyfish, ekubeni I-Chironex fleckeri ebulala kakhulu futhi edume kunabo bonke. Ogwini lwaseSpain, nokho, i-protagonist yi- I-Carybdea marsupialis, okuthi nakuba ihlaba kakhulu, ngenhlanhla ayimeleli ingozi ebulalayo kubantu.
Izici zomzimba nezebhayoloji
La uphawu oluyinhloko webhokisi jellyfish is yayo insimbi yesikwele, enemiphetho echazwe kahle kanye nendawo ekhanyayo, ngokuvamile enombala oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka noma omhlophe. Lesi sakhiwo siyinikeza igama futhi senza kube lula ukufihla emanzini avulekile.
Endabeni I-Chironex fleckeri (umnyovu wasolwandle wase-Australia), insimbi ingafinyelela phakathi Amasentimitha ayi-10 no-20 ohlangothini ngalunye, kuyilapho amatende angakhula aze afike amamitha amathathu. Ngenxa yalobu bude, i-jellyfish eyodwa ingamboza indawo enkulu, okwandisa ingozi yokuthintana ngengozi. Amathente ayo aqukethe izigidi amaseli ahlabayo ekwazi ukudedela ushevu ngokungqubuzana okulula.
Ku IMedithera, uhlobo oluvame kakhulu yi I-Carybdea marsupialis, kuncane ngosayizi (insimbi engango Amasentimitha angama-5 namatende azungezayo Amasentimitha angu-20- 30). Naphezu kokubukeka kwayo okuncane futhi okubucayi, amandla ayo ahlabayo akufanele athathwe kancane.
Isici esiphawuleka kakhulu se-box jellyfish yi- uhlelo olubonakalayo. Bangabanikazi amehlo afika ku-24 ezahlukene, ziqoqwe ngamaqoqo abizwa igazilios, ekwazi ukubona kokubili izithiyo kanye nenyamazane ngokunemba okungajwayelekile emhlabeni wezilwane ezingenamgogodla. Amanye alawa mehlo anamalensi akwazi ukwenza izithombe, okuwanika amandla okusabela kanye nokuma kwawo angaphezu kwawamanye ama-jellyfish.
Indawo kanye nokusatshalaliswa kwe-box jellyfish
I-Las i-boxjellyfish Asakazwa kabanzi ku amanzi afudumele nashisayo kusuka kuwo wonke umhlaba, kodwa kuye ngezinhlobo zezilwane, ubungozi kanye nobuningi bazo kuyahlukahluka kakhulu. I I-Chironex fleckeri Itholakala ikakhulukazi ku amanzi asogwini enyakatho ye-Australia futhi nasezifundeni zase-Indo-West Pacific njengePhilippines, New Guinea kanye neVietnam. Ziye zabikwa ngisho nasoLwandle lweCaribbean.
Ngokwengxenye yayo, i I-jellyfish yaseMedithera (I-Carybdea marsupialis) kuvamile ku I-Spanish Mediterranean, ikakhulukazi ogwini oluseningizimu nasempumalanga yenhlonhlo. Nakuba ukuba khona kwazo kuvame kakhulu ezindaweni ezithile, kunezindawo ezinjenge-Mar Menor lapho ukubonwa kwezibonelo kuye kwaba yivelakancane kakhulu eminyakeni yamuva. Uncamelayo amanzi angajulile, anesihlabathi, futhi ngokuvamile ihlala phansi emini, ivuka ebusuku ukuze izondle.
Indawo ekahle ye-box jellyfish inesimo se- izinga lokushisa, usawoti kanye nokutholakala kokudla, izici ezivame ukushintshwa ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu, ukungcola nokuhamba olwandle. Ukushesha nokuhamba kwazo kuzivumela ukuba zibaleke ezizingelayo futhi zifune izimo zokuphila ezingcono.
Amandla ahlabayo: ubuthi be-box jellyfish
El ibhokisi jellyfish ubuthi Ibhekwa njengenye enamandla kakhulu embusweni wezilwane, ikakhulukazi i I-Chironex fleckeri, ekwazi ukubulala umuntu omdala ngemizuzu. Itende ngalinye lalolu hlobo liqukethe izigidi zama-cnidocyte nama-nematocyst akhulula ubuthi lapho ethintana kancane.
Isenzo sobuthi siyadala Ubuhlungu obukhulu kakhulu, i-necrosis yesikhumba, futhi ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu, ukuboshwa kwenhliziyo nokufa ngemizuzu nje. Izimpawu zivela cishe ngokushesha futhi zihlanganisa amajaqamba, ukuphelelwa umoya, ukushaya kwenhliziyo okusheshayo, futhi ngezinye izikhathi ukwehluleka kwezitho eziningi. Ingozi yobuthi iyanda ngeminyaka yesampula: ngokusho kocwaningo lweNational Geographic, abantu abadala banokufinyelela 50% yamaseli ahlabayo asebenzayo, ngokumelene ne 5% yabesifazane abasha.
Ku IMedithera, nakuba i-box jellyfish yendawo ikhiqiza a ubuhlungu obukhulu kakhulu nokungakhululeki (ukuqubuka, ukulunywa, amabhamuza futhi ngezinye izikhathi amajaqamba emisipha, ukuhlanza nokukhathazeka), ukulunywa akuvamile ukuba kubulawe. Kodwa-ke, ubuthi bayo banele ukudinga ukunakekelwa kwezokwelapha uma kwenzeka ukusabela okunzima noma izimpawu eziqhubekayo.
Ngokuthakazelisayo, ezinye izinhlobo zezilwane ezifana izimfudu zasolwandle Azivikeleki ebuthini bale jellyfish futhi zidla kuzo ngaphandle kokulimala.
Izimpawu kanye nemiphumela yokulunywa
El ukuthintana ngebhokisi amaqabunga e-jellyfish ukulimala okubonakala ngaso leso sikhathi, ngokubomvu, ukuvuvukala nobuhlungu obubukhali endaweni ethintekile. Ubuhlungu bungaba bukhulu kangangokuthi, ezinhlobonhlobo ezinobuthi obukhulu, bukhubaza isisulu ngokushesha. Ezimweni ezinzima kakhulu, ikakhulukazi ngemva kokuchayeka okuphawulekayo ku-Chironex fleckeri, okuthiwa I-Irukandji syndrome, okubonakala ngobuhlungu obuvamile, umfutho wegazi ophakeme kungazelelwe, ukuphazamiseka kwesigqi senhliziyo kanye nengozi yokufa ngenxa ye-embolism noma ukuboshwa kwenhliziyo.
Ezimweni eziningi, iningi lalabo abathintekayo lizobhekana kuphela Ubuhlungu obukhulu bendawo, ububomvu, nokwakheka kwama-papules noma amabhamuza. Ngezikhathi ezithile zingase zenzeke isicanucanu, ukuhlanza, amajaqamba emisipha, ukukhathazeka, noma ukukhathala. Ngokuya ngenani lobuthi obujovwe kanye nempilo yomuntu, imiphumela ingasukela ekuphathekeni kabi kwesikhashana kuye ezimeni ezingase zibe bucayi.
Indlela yokwenza uma ulunywa
La impendulo yokulunywa of box jellyfish kumele kube ngokushesha futhi kunembile ukunciphisa ingozi. Okokuqala, into ebalulekile hamba ngokushesha kunogada noma uchwepheshe wezempilo uma usolwandle. Uma usizo olusheshayo lungatholakali, inkambo efanele yenziwa kanje:
- Geza indawo ngeviniga ikhishi elivamile. Lo mkhiqizo usiza ukuvala ama-nematocysts futhi uvimbele ukukhululwa kobuthi obuningi.
- Susa izinsalela zamatende eduze kwesikhumba, njalo usebenzisa into eqinile njengekhadi, ungalokothi ube nesandla esingenalutho ukugwema ukulunywa okwengeziwe.
- Phinda u- igezwe ngeviniga ngemuva kokukhipha izinsalela bese usebenzisa ukushisa kwendawo okumaphakathi (phakathi kuka-40 no-50°C imizuzu engu-15), isibonelo ngokucwilisa indawo emanzini ashisayo noma ngokusebenzisa i-heater.
- Bheka isiguli okungenani isigamu sehora: uma ubuhlungu bungadambi, buba bubi kakhulu noma izimpawu ezijwayelekile zivele, hamba uye esikhungweni sezokwelapha ngokushesha.
Ungalokothi ugeze isilonda ngamanzi ahlanzekile noma uhlikihle isikhumba, njengoba lokhu kungabangela amangqamuzana alumayo ukuba asebenze. Ukukhuhla ngesihlabathi, iqhwa, nanoma iyiphi enye indlela yasekhaya ngaphandle kwesisekelo sesayensi kungenza isimo sibe sibi nakakhulu.
Izindlela zokuzivikela kanye nezilwane ezidla ezinye zemvelo
I-box jellyfish ayizona izidalwa ezingakwazi ukuzivikela naphezu kokubonakala kwayo buthakathaka. Izindlela zayo zokuzivikela eziyinhloko yilezi: ukufihla, ijubane layo lokunyakaza kanye nobuthi obudlulele zamathente ayo. Kodwa-ke, abakhululekile ezinsongweni zemvelo. I izimfudu zasolwandle kanye nezinhlanzi ezithile ezifudukayo Baye bazijwayela ukudla kuzo, ikakhulukazi ngensimbi yabo ye-gelatinous, equkethe ubuthi obuncane kunamatende.
Izilwane zasolwandle ezikwazi ukugwema amatende ahlabayo zingadla i-jellyfish, zisebenzise ukunotha okunomsoco kwezicubu zayo. I-Jellyfish yona, ijwayele ukuhlehlisa ngokushesha amathente ayo lapho izwa ukuthintana nento noma into ephilayo ukuze igweme ukulimala noma ukubambeka.
Umjikelezo wokuphila: kusuka ku-polyp kuya ku-jellyfish yabantu abadala
El umjikelezo wokuphila we-box jellyfish Ihlukaniswe ngezigaba eziningana, ezijwayelekile zama-cnidarians:
- Isigaba se-Polyp: Umjikelezo uqala lapho i-jellyfish ikhula ibe i-polyp, ifomu le-sessile elixhunywe ku-substrates yasolwandle lapho ihlala khona, idla futhi ikhula.
- I-Metamorphosis: Lapho i-polyp isifinyelele ubukhulu obufanele, iba nokushintshashintsha okubangela i-jellyfish encane, eyaziwa ngokuthi ama-ephyras, ngemva kwenqubo yokuhlukanisa.
- I-jellyfish yabantu abadala: Esigabeni sokugcina, i-jellyfish yebhokisi ifinyelela esimweni sayo sokugcina kanye namandla okuzala, ikhiqiza ucansi emanzini avulekile. Lo mjikelezo okabili (i-asexual kanye nezocansi) uvumela ukwanda ngokushesha ngaphansi kwezimo ezivumayo.
Ubude besikhathi sokuphila kwezinhlobo eziyingozi kakhulu ngokuvamile bufushane, kuphela izinyanga ezintathu kuya kweziyisithupha, kodwa okwanele ukubanga umthelela omkhulu ku-ecosystem futhi, ngokunokwenzeka, nakubantu abeqa indlela yayo.
Ukuvimbela kanye namathiphu ukugwema ukulunywa
La isu best ngokumelene nebhokisi jellyfish sting is the ukuvimbela. Ngale njongo kunconywa:
- Gwema ukubhukuda ezindaweni lapho kuqinisekiswe ukuthi i-jellyfish ikhona., ikakhulukazi ngemva kwezixwayiso ezivela kumasevisi ezimo eziphuthumayo noma abaphenduli bokuqala.
- Sebenzisa izingubo zokubhukuda ezivikelayo noma izingubo ezimanzi ezimboza ingxenye enkulu yomzimba uma uzokwenza imisebenzi yamanzi ezindaweni ezisengozini.
- Nakani amafulegi ulwazi kanye nezixwayiso zasebhishi, kanye nezixwayiso ezikhishwe ngochwepheshe endaweni.
- Endabeni abageza abazwelayo noma abaguliswa yizifo, uhlale eduze nogu futhi uhambisane.
Uma kwenzeka ukuthintana ngengozi, into ebaluleke kakhulu ukuthi ungathuki, uphume emanzini ngokuthula, futhi ufune usizo ngokushesha ngangokunokwenzeka.
Intuthuko yesayensi: amakhambi kanye nezifundo zakamuva
Eminyakeni yamuva kuye kwaba khona okuphawulekayo Ukuphumelela ocwaningweni lwe-box jellyfish venom, ikakhulukazi i-Australian Chironex fleckeri. Abacwaningi abavela ku- Inyuvesi yaseSydney Ngo-2019 bakwazile ukuhlonza a ikhambi lokuhlola ekwazi ukuqeda i-necrosis nobuhlungu uma ilawulwa phakathi nemizuzu yokuqala ye-15 ngemva kokulunywa (ihlolwe kumaseli omuntu namagundane).
Ukutholwa, kushicilelwe ku Nature nokuxhumana, senziwa ngenxa yezindlela zokuhlela izakhi zofuzo ze-CRISPR, okusivumela ukuthi sibheke ukuthi ubuthi bubhubhisa kanjani amangqamuzana omuntu futhi sithuthukise ezinye izindlela zokuvimba imiphumela yabo. Nakuba kusesesigabeni sokuhlolwa futhi kusalindwe izivivinyo zomtholampilo zabantu, lokhu kutholwa kuvula umnyango wezokwelapha ezisebenza ngempumelelo futhi ezisheshayo esikhathini esizayo.
Esinye sezici ezibalulekile ezikhonjwe ubuthi amaprotheni I-ATP2B1, ehlinzeka ngezinhloso ezintsha zokwelapha zokuklama ukwelashwa. Ngakho-ke, ukuhlanganiswa kwentuthuko yesayensi kanye nezinyathelo zokuvimbela kuzokwenza ukuthi eminyakeni ezayo, ukunciphisa ingozi ehambisana ne-box jellyfish emanzini apholile nashisayo.
Umthelela nokongiwa kwemvelo
I-box jellyfish, ngaphandle kokuba yingozi engaba yingozi kubantu, idlala indima ebalulekile ekulweni Imvelo yasolwandle. Zisebenza njengezilwane ezidla izilwane ezincane ezingenamgogodla nezinhlanzi, ngaleyo ndlela zilawula inani lezinye izinhlobo zezilwane. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, i- ukwanda ngokweqile kwe-jellyfish kungadala ukungalingani, okuthandwa yizinkinga zemvelo ezifana ukungcola kanye nokudoba ngokweqile ezilwaneni ezizingelayo zemvelo.
ULwandle LwaseMedithera, okuyindawo evamile yezilwane ezifuywayo iCarybdea marsupialis, njengamanje lungaphansi kwengcindezi evela kumathani angaphezu kuka-200.000 XNUMX epulasitiki alahlwa unyaka ngamunye, ephazamisa izindawo zokuhlala futhi ekhuthaza ukuzala kwe-jellyfish ngobuningi ngezikhathi ezithile. Ukuqwashisa ngokubaluleka kokugcina amabhishi ehlanzekile, ukunciphisa imfucuza, nokuvikela izinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo zasolwandle kuyisihluthulelo sokulondoloza ukulingana kwemvelo.
I-Las ibhokisi jellyfish Zombili ziyisimangaliso semvelo nesixwayiso ngezingozi zokungazi nokungahloniphi ulwandle. Ukwazi ukuthi ungazihlonza kanjani, uqonde ubungozi bazo, futhi uphendule ngendlela efanele uma kwenzeka isigameko kungenza umehluko phakathi kokwethusa kanye nenhlekelele. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, isayensi yezinto eziphilayo ezimangalisayo nentuthuko yesayensi eyenziwa eduze kwabo kusikhumbuza ukuthi kusekuningi okusazotholwa emhlabeni wolwandle, nokuthi ukuhlalisana ngenhlonipho nezakhamuzi zakhona kuyadingeka kuwo wonke umuntu.