Amalulwane, abuye abizwe nge-chiroptera, aziwa ngokuthanda ukubuthana nokubambana ebusuku, kanye nokulala ebheke phansi ezindaweni ezimnyama kakhulu njengemigede. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, lezi zidalwa ziye zaveza izinganekwane eziningi ezesabekayo kanye nezinganekwane. Nokho, Ziyizilwane ezincelisayo ezifuna ukwazi futhi zigqama ngokuba yizo kuphela ezikwazi ukundiza. Kukhona izifundo ezimbalwa mayelana nendlela yabo yokuphila kanye nokuziphatha kwabo ngokocansi uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye izilwane. Kodwa kancane kancane kutholakala imininingwane eyengeziwe mayelana nezinhlobo ezithile zezilwane. Phakathi kwalolu lwazi kukhona ukuqomisana kwabo okunemininingwane eminingi, i-dimorphism yabo yobulili kanye nokusebenzisana phakathi kwabesifazane ngesikhathi sokuzala. Sengiphetha: Namuhla sazi okwengeziwe ngokuzalanisa amalulwane.
Namuhla sizodingida udaba lokuzala kanye nokukhula kwamalulwane. Sizokhuluma ngokuqoma, isikhathi sokuzala kanye nokuzalwa kwezingane. Uma unentshisekelo kulezi zilwane ezinelukuluku lokwazi, qhubeka ufunda ukuze uthole okwengeziwe ngazo.
Ilulwane Lomntwana: Ukukhiqiza kabusha
Isihloko sokukhiqizwa kwamalulwane siyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu futhi sibanzi. Uhlobo ngalunye lunendlela yalo yokuzalana. lesi senzo singahluka ngisho nangaphakathi kwezinhlobo ezifanayo kuye ngezimo zemvelo, izinsiza ezitholakalayo kanye nobukhulu bekoloni. Kunoma yikuphi, sizozama ukuchaza indlela yokukhiqiza amalulwane ngendlela elula kakhulu.
Zonke izinhlobo zamalulwane zinamaduna nezinsikazi okumele zihlangane ukuze zibe nezincane. Kwezinye izimo, kokubili ubulili bufana kakhulu komunye nomunye, nakuba ngokuvamile, abesilisa bavame ukuba bakhulu futhi bakhudlwana kunabesifazane. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi imvamisa abesifazane yibo abanqumayo ukuthi bazoshada nobani kanti abesilisa abaqhudelana kakhulu nabanamandla ngokuvamile yibo abayizintandokazi uma kuziwa ekuthatheni isinqumo.
Mayelana nokwakhiwa kwamabhangqa, izinhlobo zamalulwane nazo ziyahlukahluka kakhulu kulokhu. Njengasezilwaneni eziningi ezincelisayo, amalulwane amaningi anesithembu. Lokhu kusho ukuthi iduna linezinsikazi eziningana okufanele zizalane nazo. Kodwa-ke, kukhona nezinhlobo zamalulwane enza okuphambene: insikazi efanayo ingakhwelana namaduna amaningana. Lezi zinhlobo zibizwa nge-polyandria futhi kulezi zimo, ubulili bobubili buba nobuhlobo bobulili nabantu abambalwa phakathi nenkathi yokuzalanisa. Kufanele futhi kuqashelwe ukuthi kunenani elincane lezinhlobo zamalulwane ahlala eyedwa, okusho ukuthi: Iduna nensikazi bayahlangana ukuphila kwabo konke.
[i-url ehlobene=»https://infoanimales.net/murcielagos/murcielago-de-la-herradura/»]
Ngokuvamile, amalulwane esifazane azala amazinyane awo entwasahlobo. Ngakho-ke, amalulwane ayizilwane ezi-viviparous, ngoba awawabeki amaqanda. Ilulwane lomntwana lizalwa selikhule ngokugcwele, njengoba liphinde libe isilwane esiphuma emzansi. Noma kunjalo, Izingane ezisanda kuzalwa zithembele ekunakekelweni kukanina phakathi neminyaka yazo yobusha. Ngenxa yalokhu, zihlala eduze kwakhe isikhathi eside futhi zidla ubisi lukanina njengazo zonke izilwane ezincelisayo.
Isikhathi sokuzalanisa amalulwane
Isikhathi sokuzala samalulwane siyahlukahluka kuye ngokuthi hlobo luni nendawo ahlala kuyo. Kuzo zonke izindawo lapho kunezikhathi ezihlukene zonyaka (intwasahlobo, ihlobo, ikwindla nobusika) ezinamazinga okushisa aguquguqukayo, ilulwane elincane livame ukuzalwa entwasahlobo noma ehlobo. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi amalulwane anikela izinyanga eziningi ekuzaleni, izinhlobo eziningi zezilwane ziphinde zihlangane ngemva nje kokubeletha, ngokuvamile ehlobo. Lapho ukuhlanganisa sekuqediwe, abesifazane bagcina isidoda kuze kube yintwasahlobo elandelayo. Kuvamile futhi ukuthi ukuzalana kwenzeke ekwindla noma ebusika, lapho zilele ubuthongo basebusika, okuyilapho amakoloni axubile akhiwa khona.
Futhi, izinhlobo eziningi zamalulwane ziyafuduka. Kulezi zimo kuvame kakhulu ukuthi ukukhwelana kwenzeke ezindaweni ezisungulwe yilezi zilwane phakathi nohambo lwazo futhi kuvame ukuba ngaphambi noma ngemva kobusika. Kunezinhlobo ezithile lapho kuye kwaphawulwa khona ukuthi ukuzala kwenzeka entwasahlobo kuyilapho ukuzala kwenzeka ehlobo.
Ukukhwelana kwamalulwane asezindaweni ezishisayo kuye kwacwaningwa. Lezi zizalana unyaka wonke. njengoba benendawo ehlala njalo kanye nezinga lokushisa. Ngakho-ke kukhona ukulethwa okuningana unyaka wonke.
ukuthandana kwamalulwane
Ukuqomisana kwenziwa uchungechunge lwemikhuba eyenziwa ngabesilisa ukuze abesifazane bazizwe bekhangwa yibo. Amalulwane wesilisa angawodwa aqala ukuthandana ngokuzivikela kwendawo. Benza izindiza ezibonisa ukuthi indawo eshiwo ngeyabo futhi bazise abanye abesilisa ukuthi abesifazane abahlala kuyo sebevele bebhanqiwe. Kanye nalezi zindiza, ziphinde zikhiphe "izingcingo zendawo", okuyizimpawu ze-ultrasounds. Iqiniso elimangalisayo: Kuye kwaphawulwa ukuthi phakathi nomkhuba wokundiza, amaduna ohlobo oluthile afika azoshayana ngezimpiko zawo, alume futhi abambelele aze awele phansi.
Nokho, akwanele ukufakazela ukuthi insimu unayo. Amaduna nawo enza ezinye izinhlobo zokuqomisana kanye nezingcingo zokundiza futhi akhiphe iphunga elinamandla ukuze ahehe abesifazane. Yile ndlela ezikwazi ngayo ukwenza isiqiniseko sokuthi zikhwelana nazo futhi ziye ezindaweni zokuzalanisa. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi abesifazane bavame ukuba ne-monogamous, kuvame kakhulu ukuthi baye ezindaweni zokukhosela ezihlukahlukene futhi bashade namadoda amaningana.
[i-url ehlobene=»https://infoanimales.net/murcielagos/myotis-myotis/»]
Kunezinhlobo ezithile zamalulwane lapho abesilisa benza ama-aggregations aziwa ngokuthi "ama-leks", njengoba kwenzeka ohlotsheni lwe-Hypsignathus monstrosus, ilulwane lase-Afrika lezithelo. Laba bantu ngokuvamile babuthana ezihlahleni ezingenalutho noma emigedeni. Lapho, owesilisa ngamunye ulwa nabanye ukuze abe sendaweni ephakeme kakhulu ngangokunokwenzeka. Ngale ndlela, amalulwane akwazi ukuthola izikhundla eziphezulu anethuba elingcono lokuzala lapho abesifazane befika. Isibonelo salokhu impungushe endizayo yaseNdiya, eyaziwa nangokuthi iPteropus giganteus. Kulolu hlobo lwezilwane, abesilisa abavelele balenga phezulu ezihlahleni.
I-Bat Pup: Izidleke
Ezinsikazi zezinhlobo eziningi zamalulwane zibuthana lapho kuqala inkathi yokuzalanisa. Bakhetha izindawo ngokuya ngezinto ezithile ze-microclimatic njengomswakama, izinga lokushisa kanye nokuba seduze kokudla. Nakuba behlangana ngendlela eshintshayo futhi ngezikhathi ezithile, kuvamile ukuthi babelane ngozalo luka-matriline. Ngenxa yalokhu, zihlala ziyiqembu izinyanga ezimbalwa esidlekeni, lapho zilenga khona zibheke phansi futhi zinakekele amaphuphu azo.
Ngokuvamile, izidleke zitholakala emihumeni, ezihlahleni ezingenalutho, imigodi yophahla, izidleke ezindala zezinye izilwane, ama-attics noma izakhiwo eziwile. Nokho, kunenani elincane lezinhlobo lapho abesilisa bakhela khona izidleke. Phakathi kwazo kukhona iLophostoma silvicolum kanye neCynopterus shpinx. Owokuqala umba ezindundumeni zomuhlwa osebenzayo ukuze akhe izidleke ezihlahleni, kuyilapho wona wakha uhlobo lwetende elinamaqabunga amakhulu.
Kukhona nezinye izindawo zokukhosela lapho abesilisa bahlala khona ngesikhathi sokuzala. Ngokujwayelekile iduna elilodwa nezinsikazi eziningana zihlala kuzo ukuze zizalane. Ngemva kokukhwelana, ezinsikazi ziyayishiya leyo ndawo yokukhosela ukuze ziyofuna izindawo zokubeletha. Yilapho abama khona banakekele abasha. Nokho, ezinye izinhlobo zamalulwane zizalana endaweni yokukhosela lapho zilele ubuthongo.
Ukuzalwa kwelulwane
Ngemva kokukhwelana, abesifazane bagcina isidoda sabesilisa abahlukene. Ngesikhathi lapho izimo zemvelo ezilungile zenzeka, ukuvundiswa kwenzeka, ukuqala kokukhulelwa. Ngokuvamile, ukukhulelwa kwamalulwane kuthatha inyanga eyodwa kuya kwezimbili. Ukubeletha njalo kwenzeka emakoloni okubeletha futhi ngokuvamile kwenzeka emini. Ngaleso sikhathi, insikazi isebenzisa amaphiko nomsila wayo ukuze yenze uhlobo oluthile lwembeleko futhi ngaleyo ndlela iqoqe amaphuphu ayo. Lo mcimbi uvamise ukuthatha imizuzu eyi-15 kuya kwengama-30. Ngemva kwalokho, umama uyalihlanza futhi akhothe usana lwakhe. Ilulwane lomntwana linesisindo esilingana no-10-20% wesisindo somzali walo. Ngokujwayelekile zivame ukuba nethole elilodwa, nakuba amacala aye abhalwa lapho kuze kube ezine ziye zazala.
[i-url ehlobene=»https://infoanimales.net/murcielagos/murcielago-de-la-fruta/»]
Amalulwane adla ubisi olunikezwa omama bawo. Futhi, bahlala eceleni kwakho izinyanga ezimbalwa noma ngisho neminyaka kwezinye izinhlobo zezilwane. Kuvamile futhi ukuthi abesifazane babambisane ekunakekeleni izingane zabo. Ndawonye bavikela abancane, bafudumale futhi banakekele nabancane babanye, njengasenkulisa. Nokho, lokhu kwenzeka kuphela emakoloni lapho abesifazane behlobene eduze.
Abesilisa benza ukunakekelwa kwabazali kuphela uma kuziwa ezinhlotsheni ezihlala umuntu oyedwa. Kulezi zimo, zidla ngisho nensikazi ngesikhathi sokuzalanisa, okuwukuziphatha okujwayelekile kwezinyoni.