Ziningi izifo ezingathinta izilwane ezifuywayo. Phakathi kwamakati, elinye lamakati esatshwa kakhulu futhi, ngeshwa, futhi elivame kakhulu i-feline leukemia, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-FeLV. Kuyisifo esithathelwanayo esinezimpawu ezihlukahlukene. Igqama ngaphezu kwakho konke ukuzivikela komzimba kanye nezimila. I-leukemia emakati isatshalaliswa emhlabeni wonke ngokuya ngezilwane ezifuywayo. Kodwa-ke, kukhona futhi ezinye izigameko zamakati asendle asethole lesi sifo.
Uma ufuna ukwazi okwengeziwe nge-leukemia ye-feline, ngincoma ukuthi uqhubeke ufunda lesi sihloko. Sizokhuluma ngezici ezihlukahlukene zalesi sifo esithathelwanayo, phakathi kwazo isithombe somtholampilo, ukuxilongwa nokwelashwa. Futhi sizokunikeza amathiphu okuvimbela i-leukemia ye-feline. Nakuba ukwaziswa akukaze kube kuningi kakhulu, Kufanele njalo siye kudokotela wezilwane uma sinokungabaza noma uma isilwane esifuywayo sibonisa okuthile okungavamile.
I-Etiology ye-leukemia emakati
I-pathogen ebangela i-feline leukemia yi-retrovirus. Kuyigciwane elihlanganisa i-ribonucleic acid yalo, ebizwa nangokuthi i-RNA, nezakhi zofuzo zengqamuzana. Ngemuva kwalolu hlelo, iseli elithintekile lizokwenza lokho okufunwa yigciwane. Ukuze kwenziwe lokhu kubusa, i-retrovirus isebenzisa i-enzyme ebizwa ngokuthi i- «Reverse Transcriptase». Kusho ukuthini konke lokhu ngomzimba? I-RNA igcina, ithuthe futhi idlulise ulwazi olutholwe yi-DNA ukuze kuhlanganiswe amaprotheni kusetshenziswa ama-amino acid abalulekile. Uma isilwane singenwe yi-retrovirus, i-reverse transcriptase ihlehlisa le nqubo. Ukuze, ikati liyayeka ukuhlanganisa amaprotheni adingekayo ukusebenza kahle komzimba wakho.
Phakathi kokubi, ama-retroviruses amelana kancane kakhulu ngaphandle komsingathi. Awenziwa angasebenzi kalula. Kukhona ingqikithi yemindeni emithathu engaphansi yomndeni wakwa-Retroviridae:
- I-Spumavirinae: Kuyi-feline syncytial virus.
- I-Oncornavirinae: Lokhu kubangela ikati leukemia kanye ne-feline sarcoma.
- I-Lentivirnae: Ziyimbangela ye-feline immunodeficiency (FIV).
I-Epidemiology kanye ne-pathogenesis ye-leukemia emakati
Uma sikhuluma nge-epidemiology, kunezinhlobo ezimbili ezahlukene zokudlulisela ezinquma ubungozi bamagciwane. Eyokuqala, ebizwa ngokuthi i-horizontal transmission, yonke leyo mizila yokutheleleka ngaphandle komzimba. Esimweni se-feline leukemia, Ingasakazwa ngendle, umchamo, amathe, nezinyembezi. Uma ukudluliswa kwenzeka kusuka kubazali kuya enzalweni yabo, kubizwa ngokuthi i-vertical transmission. Uma ikati lingenwe yileli gciwane le-retrovirus, inzalo yalo ingase ibhekane nokufa noma ukufa kosanda kuzalwa.
I-leukemia yezilwane Ivame kakhulu ezilwaneni ezisencane kanye namaqembu. Izigameko zalesi sifo zivame ukwenzeka ezimeni zokuminyana, ukuzilungisa nokulwa. Ingase futhi ivele ngokudluliselwa kokudla kanye nokuncelisa.
Ngokuqondene ne-pathogenesis ye-leukemia emakati, iveza isithombe esibanzi. Igciwane lingena emzimbeni ngomzila we-oronasal (ngomlomo noma ngekhala). Ukusuka lapho, ingafinyelela umnkantsha noma igazi. Esimweni sokuqala, igciwane lingahlala lisesimweni esicashile noma libangele i-neoplasia. Uma ingena egazini, idala i-viraemia engaba yesikhashana noma ephikelele. Uma lihlala egazini, leli gciwane libangela ukuzivikela komzimba, i-myelosuppression, izimila, nokunye. Kodwa-ke, kukhona futhi ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthi ayibangeli izinkinga ekati, ngaleyo ndlela iyenze ibe umthwali we-asymptomatic.
Isithombe somtholampilo se-leukemia emakati
I-leukemia yezilwane ingase ingabonakali noma ibe i-asymptomatic. Uma kubonakala kunezimpawu, iqala nge-lymphadenopathy ejwayelekile, imfiva encane, i-anemia, i-leukopenia, i-thrombocytopenia, kanye nezifo zesibili ezivamile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izifo ezihambisana nokuzivikela komzimba kanye nezinqubo zokuzivikela komzimba zingase ziphakame. Phakathi kwabo kukhona hemolytic anemia, polyarthritis, uveitis, neuropathies, njll. Ngokuya ngesitho esithintekayo yi-retrovirus, isithombe somtholampilo sikhula ngendlela ehlukile. Ukuvela kwe-lymphoid neoplasms nakho kuvamile. Nakuba i-lymphosarcoma iqinile, ifomu le-leukemic lisabalele. Lesi sakamuva singavela nanoma yisiphi isimila esiqinile noma sisodwa.
Imiphumela eyinhloko ye-leukemia retrovirus infection miningi. Ngezansi uzothola uhlu oluncane:
- I-Neoplasms: I-Lymphoid (i-lymphosarcoma, i-leukemia), i-myeloproliferative, i-FOCMA antigen.
- I-Myelosuppression: I-anemia, i-thrombocytopenia, i-granulocytopenia.
- I-Immunosuppression: I-Lymphopenia, i-lymphocyte engavamile, amathuba okuvuselela ukutheleleka okucashile.
- Ezinye izinkinga: I-neuropathies, izinkinga zokuzala, i-glomerulonephritis, i-"panleukopenia-like" syndrome.
Ukuxilongwa kwe-leukemia emakati
Lapho kusungulwa ukuxilongwa, kunezinqubo ezimbili ezenziwa udokotela wezilwane ukuze athole ukuthi kwenzekani esilwaneni sethu. Enye yazo ukuxilongwa okuhlukile okusebenza ukukhipha amanye ama-pathologies okungenzeka athinta isiguli. Lolu hlobo locwaningo luyadingeka njengoba izifo eziningi zinesithombe somtholampilo esifanayo esinokuhlukahluka okuncane. Ukwengeza, ukuxilongwa kwaselabhorethri kufanele cishe njalo kwenziwe, okugcina kunquma ukwelashwa.
ukuxilongwa okuhlukile
Kunezifo eziningana ezibonisa izimpawu ezifana ne-leukemia emakati. I-panleukopenia yezilwane ezithathelwanayo, isibonelo, iveza isimo esibucayi sokugaya kanye ne-neutropenia eqine kakhulu. Esinye isibonelo kungaba yi-feline infectious peritonitis esesimweni esomile. Ukuyikhomba, kufanele kwenziwe i-biopsy yezimila kanye nezilonda ze-granulomatous.
Nokho, isifo esifana kakhulu ne-leukemia emakati i-feline immunodeficiency, eyaziwa nangokuthi IVF. Lokhu kubangelwa ama-retrovirus afana kakhulu. Ukufeza ukuxilongwa okuhlukile kunamaphuzu amaningana okufanele acatshangelwe. Nakuba i-leukemia ngokuvamile ithinta amakati aphakathi konyaka owodwa kuya kwemihlanu ubudala, i-feline immunodeficiency ibonakala phakathi kweminyaka emihlanu neshumi nambili. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lesi sakamuva sithinta abesilisa kakhulu kunabesifazane. Mayelana nobulili, i-leukemia emakati ayinakho ukubikezela.
Ukudluliswa kwazo zombili izifo nakho kuhlukile. Njengoba sesishilo ngenhla, i-leukemia isakazwa ngamathe, umchamo, indle, ubisi kanye nesibeletho. Kunalokho, i-feline immunodeficiency idluliselwa ngokulunywa lapho amathe ehlangana negazi. Futhi ukuxilongwa kubonisa imiphumela ehlukene. Uma ikati lingenayo i-immunodeficient, lidala amasosha omzimba. Esimeni sokungenwa yi-leukemia, uzoba ne-p27 antigen egazini lakhe. Ngeshwa, Awukho umuthi wokugomela i-feline immunodeficiency. okuwukuphela kokuvimbela esingakuthatha ukugwema ukulwa phakathi kwamakati. Mayelana ne-leukemia emakati, singawagoma.
Futhi izimpawu eziyinhloko zomtholampilo zihluke phakathi kwazo zombili izifo, kodwa ezinye zihambisana:
- I-feline leukemia: I-Lymphosarcoma, i-anemia, i-neuropathies, i-immunosuppression, njll.
- I-Feline immunodeficiency: I-Lymphadenopathy, i-immunosuppression, i-neoplasms, izimpawu ze-neurological, njll.
Ukuxilongwa kwelabhorathri
Ukuze uthole ukuthi ngabe yi-feline leukemia noma cha, Kungcono ukwenza ukuhlolwa ukuze ubone ukuthi ikati linayo yini i-p27 virus antigen. Kunamathuba amabili alokhu:
- ELISA: Yenziwe nge-serum futhi izwela kakhulu kunenye.
- I-Immunochromatography: Kuyindlela esheshayo yokuhlola isampula yegazi elincane.
Kodwa siyichaza kanjani imiphumela? Uma kutholakala ukuthi une-positive, ikati i-viremic futhi ingaba ne-leukemia kanye nezimila. Nokho, uma ukuhlolwa kungenalo, akusho ukuthi isilwane asinalo. Ingatholakala futhi esigabeni sokuqala kakhulu noma esicashile emnkantsheni. Ngakho-ke, ukuhlolwa kufanele kuphindwe ngemva kwamasonto angu-12 kuya kwangu-16. Uma kwenzeka i-negative, i-viraemia yesikhashana. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, uma kutholakala ukuthi unayo, kuyaphikelela.
Ukwelashwa kanye ne-prophylaxis ye-leukemia emakati
Kuleli qophelo, uma sisola ukuthi ikati lethu lingase libe ne-leukemia ye-feline noma esinye isifo, Kufanele siye kudokotela wezilwane ngokushesha okukhulu. Nguye kuphela ongaqinisekisa isifo kanye nesimo akuso. Futhi, akufanele nakancane sinikeze isilwane esifuywayo imithi ngaphandle kwesincomo sikadokotela wezilwane noma incwadi kadokotela.
Ngenxa yokuthi lesi sifo sithinta umzimba ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene, kufanele kusetshenziswe izindlela ezihlukahlukene zokwelapha. Lapho ikati linezifo zesibili, kufanele linikezwe ama-antibiotic abanzi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-nucleotide analogues athonya ukuphindaphinda kwegciwane. Okunye ukwelashwa kungaba ukuthela ngemisebe, ukumpontshelwa igazi kanye nokufakelwa komnkantsha. Ekugcineni, okwaziwayo kakhulu kusazoshiwo: i-chemotherapy ye-lymphomas.
Mayelana ne-prophylaxis, inketho engcono kakhulu umgomo. Okokuqala kufanele uhlole ubungozi obubandakanya isilwane kanye nesidingo saso sokuyithola. Ingajovwa kusukela emasontweni ayisishiyagalolunye ubudala futhi kufanele iphindwe njalo ngonyaka. Ukuvimbela ukutheleleka kwe-retrovirus ye-feline leukemia ngamaqembu, kufanele siwalawule, ikakhulukazi uma angamakoloni ahlala emgwaqeni. Lokhu kuhilela ukuwavimbela ekuhlanganeni nenkampani yenethiwekhi noma amakati angalawulwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuhle ukuhlola i-leukemia ye-feline kanye ngonyaka.
Ngithemba ukuthi lesi sihloko sikusize ukuthi uqonde kangcono i-leukemia ye-feline futhi uqede ukungabaza okuthile. Ngokucophelela nangokuthatha izinyathelo ezidingekayo zokuvikela singavimbela ikati lethu ekubambeni lesi sifo. Uma usunayo kakade noma sisola ukuthi unayo, kufanele uye kudokotela wezilwane ukuze usebenzise ukwelashwa ngokushesha okukhulu.