Izici ezijwayelekile zebhere elimhlophe
Ibhere elimhlophe (i-Ursus maritimus) uhlobo lwesilwane esincelisayo esiyingxenye yomndeni wakwa-Ursidae. Lezi zilwane zijwayelene ngokuphelele nezimo ezibandayo nezibandayo zendawo yazo. Isikhumba noboya bazo kumhlophe, okuzivumela ukuthi zihlangane eqhweni naseqhweni kuyilapho zizingela inyamazane yazo. Uboya bazo bangaphandle bukhulu, futhi isikhumba sazo sivikelwe ungqimba lwamafutha afinyelela kumasentimitha angu-11, okuzisiza ukuba zigcine izinga lokushisa lomzimba wazo ezimweni ezimbi kakhulu.
Ibhere elimhlophe liveza umehluko obalulekile maqondana namanye amabhere. Ngokwesibonelo, ikhala layo lide futhi lincane, imilenze yayo mide uma kuqhathaniswa, nezinzipho zayo zifushane futhi zigobile. Lezi zimo zibavumela ukuthi benze kangcono eqhweni nasemanzini, njengoba ngaphezu kokuba abahamba phambili, bangababhukudi abahle kakhulu.
I-Polar Bear Usayizi Nesisindo
Ubukhulu nesisindo sebhere elimhlophe kuhlaba umxhwele ngempela. Abesilisa ngokuvamile bakhulu kunabesifazane, balinganisa phakathi kwamamitha angu-2,4 no-3 ubude futhi bafinyelele isisindo esiphakathi kwamakhilogremu angu-450 nama-600. Kodwa-ke, abanye abantu abakhulu kakhulu bangadlula amakhilogremu angama-800.
Ezinsikazi, ngakolunye uhlangothi, zivame ukulinganisa phakathi kwamamitha angu-1,9 no-2,1 ubude futhi zibe nesisindo esijwayelekile samakhilogremu angu-150 kuya kwangu-300. Njengoba izimo zokudla nezemvelo zihlukahluka unyaka wonke, izisindo zebhere elimhlophe zingashintshashintsha kakhulu, zikhule ikakhulukazi phakathi nezinyanga zasebusika lapho ukudla kuyinsada kakhulu.
ukudla kwebhere elimhlophe
Ukudla kwebhere elimhlophe ngokuyinhloko kuyadla inyama. Umthombo wawo oyinhloko wokudla uphawu, ikakhulukazi izinhlobo phoca hispida y Erignathus barbatus, abathwebulayo abasha nabadala. Ibhere elimhlophe liphinde libe ngusomathuba, lidla ezinye izilwane zasolwandle njengama-walrus, ama-beluga whale, nama-narwhal, kanye nezinyoni namaqanda azo, inyama efile, futhi ngezinye izikhathi izitshalo namajikijolo.
- Indlela eyinhloko yokuzingela izimvu zamanzi ngokusebenzisa lokho okubizwa ngokuthi "ukuzingela ukuzingela". Ibhere elimhlophe lilinda ngesineke eduze kwembobo eqhweni, ngezinye izikhathi amahora amaningi, kuze kube yilapho kuvela uphawu oluzophefumula. Khona-ke, ibhere elimhlophe lithatha ithuba lokulibamba ngokushesha.
- Elinye isu lokuzingela ukumba imigodi yezimvu zamanzi. Phakathi nezinyanga zasebusika nezasentwasahlobo, lapho izinhlobo eziningi zezimvu zamanzi zikhulisela imidlwane yazo emigodini embiwe eqhweni, ibhere elimhlophe liyakwazi ukuzibona ngenxa yekhala lalo elihle futhi limbe umgodi ukuze libambe imidlwane.
Indawo yokuhlala nokusatshalaliswa kwebhere elimhlophe
Ibhere elimhlophe lihlala ikakhulukazi ezindaweni zase-arctic enyakatho nenkabazwe, kuhlanganise namazwe afana neCanada, iRussia, iGreenland, iNorway ne-United States (i-Alaska). Nakuba zingatholakala kokubili emhlabathini naseqhweni lasolwandle, isikhathi esiningi sokuphila kwazo zichitha eqhweni, njengoba kulapho kutholakala khona ukudla kwazo okuningi.
Njengoba iqhwa lase-Arctic lincibilika futhi liba yiqhwa unyaka wonke, amabhere angase aphoqeleke ukuba afuduke amabanga amade ukuze aqhubeke nokuzingela. Nokho, njengoba ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu kuthinta iqhwa lasolwandle i-Arctic, izindawo ezifanelekayo zokuhlala ziyancipha, okubeka amabhere asezindaweni ezishisayo engozini.
Ukukhiqizwa kanye namawundlu amabhere polar
Isikhathi sokuzalanisa ibhere elimhlophe ngokuvamile senzeka phakathi kuka-April noJuni. Ngemva kokuqomisana, okungahlanganisa ukulwa phakathi kwabesilisa nokujahana isikhathi eside, umbhangqwana uzoshada izikhathi eziningana phakathi nezinsuku ezimbalwa. Ukukhulelwa kuthatha izinyanga ezingaba ngu-8, kube nesikhathi sokumitha esibambezelekile lapho iqanda elivundisiwe lingamiliseli esibelethweni kuze kube yilapho umama eseqongelele amafutha anele okuncelisa.
Ezisikazi zizalela emigodini embiwe eqhweni, ngokuvamile phakathi kukaNovemba noJanuwari. Ngokujwayelekile izingane ezimbili ziyazalwa, nakuba zingafika kwezine. Lapho ezalwa, amaphuphu mancane, ayimpumputhe, futhi acishe angabi naboya, kodwa akhula ngokushesha, adla amafutha anothe amandla obisi lukamama. Ngemva kwezinyanga ezingaba ngu-2 XNUMX/XNUMX, amazinyane asuke esekulungele ukushiya umgodi futhi aqale ukuhlola izwe langaphandle nomama wawo.
Kulokhu kuhlaziywa okuphelele kwebhere elimhlophe, ubukhulu balo nesisindo salo kugqama njengesinye sezizathu ezenza libhekwe njengenkosi yase-Arctic. Kodwa-ke, ukuguquguquka kwabo okuhlaba umxhwele kanye nezici eziyingqayizivele nakho kubalulekile ekuqondeni izizathu zempumelelo yabo nokuphila endaweni eyodwa eyinselele kakhulu emhlabeni.