Omiyane

Ihlobo yinkathi ethandwa kakhulu abaningi, ngenxa yamaholide, izinga lokushisa eliphezulu, izinsuku ezinde... Kodwa ngakolunye uhlangothi, wonke umuntu uyakuzonda lapho ekwenza. isenzo sokuba khona omiyane abesabekayo.

Lawa ma-dipteran ayizilwane ezingaphili isikhathi eside, kodwa ngaleso sikhathi esifushane zingase zicasule kakhulu, ikakhulukazi uma ungomunye walabo igazi labo elimnandi kakhulu kubo. Yazi yonke imininingwane okufanele uyazi ngalezi zilwane.

Banjani omiyane

Umiyane, obizwa nangokuthi mosquito, moyote, noma igama layo lesayensi, I-Culicidae, iyi-dipteran enomzimba omncane futhi ovame ukuba mude. Inamapheya amabili amaphiko, amabili amancane namabili amakhulu, kanye nemilenze emincane eyisithupha nemide, emithathu ohlangothini ngalunye lomzimba wayo. Ngokufanayo, engxenyeni yekhanda. inomboko, kwabesifazane, abawusebenzisa ukumunca igazi. Futhi izimpondo ezimbili ukuze ubheke futhi uzwe ukudlidliza. Iphinde ibe namehlo nomlomo, okubizwa ngokuthi i-palpus.

Emzimbeni wakho, kunendawo yenhliziyo encane, imisipha, ama-lymph nodes kanye noqhoqhoqho, kanye nakho konke okudingekayo ukuze kugaywe lokho okudlayo nokukhiphela imfucuza ngaphandle.

lapho kuhlala khona omiyane

Indawo ekahle yokuhlala umiyane ihlobene namanzi, hhayi nje ngoba iyingxenye yokuzala, kodwa futhi ngoba uthanda izindawo ezinomswakama ezindaweni ezishisayo. Omiyane abavamile ukubonakala ezindaweni ezibandayo, Nakuba lokho akusho ukuthi abekho.

Ngokuvamile, izindawo ezifana namaxhaphozi, amanzi amile, ama-puddles, amathangi, njll. bayizintandokazi zakhe. Ngakho-ke, uma ungafuni ukuba nazo ekhaya, kungcono ungabi nendawo lapho amanzi ehlala khona izinsuku ezimbalwa ngaphandle kokushintshwa.

izinhlobo zomiyane

Omiyane bakhona emhlabeni wonke, futhi iqiniso liwukuthi kunezinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-3500 ezihlukene. Ngakho-ke, ukukhuluma nawe ngazo zonke kungaba yisicefe futhi cishe akunakwenzeka. Kodwa zingahlukaniswa zibe imindeni eminingana futhi lokhu kungaba okulandelayo:

• I-Culicidae. Bangomiyane bangempela. Empeleni, lezo ezilumayo yizinsikazi ezidla igazi lezinye izilwane, njengabantu). Amaduna awadli ngegazi, futhi kukhona uhlobo lapho insikazi nayo ingadli. Ngaphakathi kwalo mndeni kukhona igenera Culex, Aedes, Anopheles, Sabethes, Culiseta, Psorophora, Haemagoggus kanye no-Ochlerotatus, phakathi kwama-39 abayiqambayo (ene-subgenera eyi-135 eyaziwayo).
• Izifo zengqondo. Bangomiyane abancane kunabangaphambili futhi banecala lokudlulisela i-leishmaniasis.
• Ama-Chironomids. Zifana ngosayizi nama-psychods, kodwa azidli ngegazi.
• Ama-Tipulids. Bangomiyane abakhulu (ababuye babizwe ngokuthi ama-crane flies) abangaba amasentimitha angu-7,5. Kodwa awawona ama-hematophagous, okungukuthi, awadli ngegazi.
• I-Bibionomorpha. Ziyi-diptera engavamile njengoba ezinye izinhlobo zihlobene nomiyane ngokwabo.

Izinhlobo zomiyane eSpain

Endabeni yaseSpain, kunezinhlobo ezithile zezinhlobo okufanele zaziwa ngokuzihlukanisa, ikakhulukazi ngenkathi yasehlobo, okuyilapho zivela khona kakhulu. Lezi izi:

• umiyane ovamile. Eyaziwa ngokuthi i-Culex pipiens, iyisifanekiso esingafinyelela kusayizi wamamilimitha angu-8, ngaphandle kokuba nezici ezihlukile.
• Umiyane wengwe. Kuvamile futhi eSpain. Le Aedes albopictus incane kunejwayelekile, cishe amamilimitha ayi-6, futhi inomugqa omhlophe phakathi nendawo yethorax ukuya ekhanda, kanye nemigqa emilenzeni.
• Umiyane we-Anopheles. Ngegama lesayensi elithi Anopheles SPP, iyisilwane esinemibala emnyama emaphikweni aso, kanye nasemilenzeni yaso.

udlani umiyane

Umiyane isilwane ukudla kwaso kwehluka phakathi kweduna nezinsikazi. I abesilisa badla umpe, izithelo, ubisi... Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ezinsikazi zidla igazi lezinye izilwane.

Ngakho-ke, owesilisa nowesifazane bahlukile kulo mqondo. Nakuba insikazi inezingxenye zomlomo eziqinile ngokwanele, kanye ne-proboscis (i-appendage emide, e-tubular) yokubhoboza isikhumba futhi imunce igazi; kwabesilisa baswele lezi zitho.

Lapho kuziwa ekutholeni isisulu sawo, umiyane wesifazane usebenzisa izimpondo zawo njengezinzwa ukuze abone kokubili isikhutha ne-lactic acid. Lapho zithola isisulu sazo, ziyasondela ukuze zibambe ukushisa kwegazi futhi, lapho zikwazi, zililume ukuze zidle. Omiyane abaningi bayashesha ukwenza lokhu.

Lokhu akusho ukuthi abawasebenzisi amehlo abo, empeleni bakwenza lokho ngoba kuwumqondo othuthuke kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, omiyane babona nge-infrared, okusho ukuthi lapho ugqoka mnyama, uzothandeka kakhulu kubo. Eqinisweni, umbala omnyama noma ohlaza okwesibhakabhaka uzokwenza ubonakale nakakhulu kubo.

Izifo ezingadlulisela

Ngenxa yokulunywa omiyane, nakuba iningi lingafaki ingozi ngaphezu kwezinsuku ezimbalwa zokungakhululeki nokuluma kuze kuphele, kunezikhathi lapho omiyane bekwazi ukudlulisela izifo. Ngakho, kumelwe kuqashelwe kakhulu kwezinye izinhlobo zezilwane, njengomiyane wengwe.

Phakathi kwezifo omiyane abangazidlulisela kukhona:

• Umalaleveva. Ibangelwa omiyane i-Anopheles. Lesi sifo singesinye sezimbangela zokushona kwabantu abaningi kanye nokugula, sifinyelela izigameko eziyizigidi ezingama-200 emhlabeni wonke ngonyaka. Ezinhlotsheni zomiyane ababanga kakhulu lesi sifo i-Anopheles gambiae ne-Anopheles funestus.
• Umkhuhlane ophuzi. Kusuka emndenini wakwa-Aedes, kungabangela leli gciwane, kanye nodenga, Zika, Chikungunya noma okufanayo.
• Udenga. Ingabangelwa hhayi kuphela umiyane ongenhla, kodwa futhi umiyane we-tiger. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kungase futhi kube yicala lokudlulisela ezinye izifo ezifana ne-chikungunya fever.
• I-West Nile Fever. Yini ongayenza ngokulunywa umiyane i-Culex pippiens, ovame kakhulu eYurophu.

Ngasinye salezi zifo sinezimpawu ezingase zixwayise ngokuba khona kwazo, kodwa ngokuvamile ukulunywa akubangeli ingozi empilweni.

Ukuzala komiyane

Ukuzala komiyane kube kanye kuphela empilweni yakho. Lapho ukuhlangana kwenzeka, isidoda sigcinwa owesifazane engxenyeni yomzimba wakhe ebizwa ngokuthi i-spermatheca. Ngakho, ungayisebenzisa kukho konke ukuphila kwakho. Lesi esinye sezizathu ezenza abesifazane babe ne-hematophagous, okungukuthi, badla igazi ngoba badinga amaprotheni amaningi ukuze bafeze amaqanda amaningana.

Uma iluma isilwane (noma umuntu), ezinsukwini ezingu-1-2, iyakwazi zizalela amaqanda angaba ngu-200-300 avundisa ngesikhathi esisodwa. Ngakho, ezinsukwini ezingaba ngu-45 zokuphila (okuyinkathi yokuphila komiyane), ungazalela amaqanda angaphezu kuka-1.500 XNUMX.

Uma iqanda selibekiwe, okwenzeka endaweni lapho kunamanzi khona, lidlula izigaba ezine ezihlukene esikhathini esiphakathi kwezinsuku eziyi-7 neziyi-15. Lezi zigaba yilezi: iqanda, isibungu, isiphungumangathi kanye nomiyane omdala.